7/8: Urinary Physiology - DiSole

Question 1

if water was added to plasma…

Answer 1

ECF osmolality would be diluted initially compared to ICF.

water would then enter the ICF space to equilibrate the osmolality between compartments

overall: reduce osmolality of ICF and ECF and expand compartment size.

Question 2

if isotonic saline was added to plasma…

Answer 2

the fluid will stay in ECF because it is isotonic, expanding that compartment

Question 3

if hypertonic saline was added to plasma…

Answer 3

EXF osmolality would increase and fluid would be drawn out of ICF into the ECF to lower tonicity of ECF..

Question 4

effect on ingesting NaCl on ADH…

Answer 4

brain increases release of ADH so more water is re-absorbed (concentrated urine)

Question 5

principal factors that can cause accumulation of fluid in interstitial space include (3)

Answer 5

• increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
• decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
• increased permeability of the capillaries

Question 6

renal clearance defined

Answer 6

volume of plasma totally cleared of substance in certain period of time

Question 7

decreasing GFR by 50 percent will _________ plasma creatinine to ______

Answer 7

increase to twice normal if creatinine production by body remains constant

Question 8

state cockcroft and gault equation

Answer 8

look at notes

Question 9

syndrome that results in sudden decrease in kidney function or damage from few hours to few days

Answer 9

acute kidney injury

defined as a rapid decline in GFR accompained by accumulation of waste products and electrolytes

Question 10

physiological effects of AKI

Answer 10

• water and sodium overload (Edema and htn)
• hyperkalemia
• metabolic acidosis
• anuria (severe AKI)

Question 11

progressive and irreversible loss of lg number of functioning nephrons

Answer 11

chronic kidney disease CKD

clinical symptoms do onot occur until number of nephronfall to at least 70-75% below normal

Question 12

stages of CKD 1-5

Answer 12

1 = kidney damage with normal or increased GFR (greater than 90)

2= kidney damage with mild decrease GFR (60-89)

3 = moderate decrease GFR (30-59)

4 = severe decrease GFR (15-29)

5 = kidney failure ( less than 15 or dialysis)

Question 13

describe nephrotic syndrome

Answer 13

increased glomerular permeability to lg prtns such as albumin with decreased GFR