7-17 Inheritance + populations

Question 1

What is the genotype?

Answer 1

the genetic constitution of an organism

Question 2

What is the phenotype?

Answer 2

the observable or biochemical characteristics

Question 3

What are alleles?

Answer 3

different forms of the gene

Question 4

What is a gene?

Answer 4

a length of DNA that codes for different things within the organism

Question 5

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 5

a pair of the same chromosomes

Question 6

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 6

the allele that is expressed

Question 7

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 7

the allele that is not expressed

Question 8

What is a genetic mutation?

Answer 8

deletion or substitution of an amino acid resulting in a mutation

Question 9

What is codominance?

Answer 9

when two alleles are expressed at the same time

Question 10

What is sex linkage?

Answer 10

any gene carried on either the X or Y chromosome

Question 11

What is autosomal linkage?

Answer 11

two or more genes carried on the same chromosome and are inherited together

Question 12

What is epistasis?

Answer 12

when the allele of one gene affects or masks the expression of another in the phenotype

Question 13

What is the chi-squared test?

Answer 13

observed-expected2 over expected

Question 14

what is the hardy weinberg equation

Answer 14

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

It assumes that the allele frequencies don’t change from generation to generation

Question 15

What is a gene pool?

Answer 15

The collection of alleles in the population

Question 16

What is natural selection?

Answer 16

Where individuals with favourable traits are more likely to leave more offspring better suited for their environment
Also known as differential reproduction

Question 17

What are homozygous alleles?

Answer 17

When both alleles are the same

Question 18

What are heterozygous alleles?

Answer 18

When the alleles are different

Question 19

What is a Punnett square?

Answer 19

A cross diagram used to show the genes of genetic offspring

Question 20

What is dihybrid inheritance?

Answer 20

How two characteristics, determined by two different genes located on different chromosomes, are inherited

Question 21

How is a sex linked allele represented?

Answer 21

X or Y to the power of (letter respresenting the allele)

Question 22

What is a pedigree chart?

Answer 22

A chart which shows the inheritance of sex-linked characters in a family
A male is represented as a square

A male is represented by a circle
Shading indicates the presence of a character in the phenotype

Question 23

What are autosomes?

Answer 23

The chromosomes which aren’t sex chromosomes

Question 24

How do you evaluate the value calculated in the chi squared test?

Answer 24

If your calculated value is less than the degree of freedom, accept the null hypothesis that there is a significant difference between your observed and expected results
If the value is larger than the degree of freedom, there is epistasis or linkage of the alleles

Question 25

How do you use the word epistatic?

Answer 25

If one gene locus prevents the expression of a second gene, the first locus is epistatic to the second and the second is hypostatic to the first