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Question 1

Oogenesis

Answer 1

Oogenesis is the differentiation of the ovum into a cell to further develop when fertilized. Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries and is initiated during the embryonic stage. Oogenesis begins with a germ cell that undergoes mitosis to increase in number, eventually resulting in up to 1-2 million cells in the embryo.

Question 2

Absorption versus action spectrum

Answer 2

The absorption spectrum describes the wavelengths of light that are absorbed. The action spectrum describes the wavelengths of light that drive photosynthesis.

Question 3

Lysosomes

Answer 3

Lysosomes act as the digestive system of the cell. Lysosomes degrade material taken in from outside the cell and digest obsolete components of the cell itself.

Question 4

Spermatogenesis

Answer 4

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testicle. This process starts with the mitotic division of the spermatogonial stem cells.

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Osmosis is the movement of molecules through the semipermeable membrane from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration.

Question 6

Methanogenic archaea

Answer 6

Methanogenic archaea generate methane as a by-product of anaerobic respiration. Methanogenic archaea’s capability to produce methane gas has been implicated in global warming.

Question 7

Chemiosmosis

Answer 7

Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across a semipermeable membrane bound structure, down their electron gradient. Chemiosmosis occurs in the chloroplasts during photosynthesis, and in the mitochondria during cellular respiration. Chemiosmosis is the method through which ATP is produced during cellular respiration.

Question 8

Neonicotinoids

Answer 8

Neonicotinoids are pesticides that bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system of insects, causing overstimulation of their nerve cells which leads to paralysis and death.

Question 9

Ovaries

Answer 9

Ovaries are the site of estrogen and progesterone production.

Question 10

Link reaction

Answer 10

The link reaction is the stage of cellular respiration that “links” glycolysis to the Krebs cycle. In this stage, the products of glycolysis are converted into the reactants of the Krebs cycle.

Question 11

Gene expression

Answer 11

Gene expression is the the process by which a gene gets turned on in a cell to make RNA and proteins.

Question 12

Histones

Answer 12

A histone is a protein that provides structural support for a chromosome. Each chromosome contains a long molecule of DNA, which must fit into the cell nucleus. To do that, DNA wraps around complexes of histones, giving the chromosome a more compact shape.

Question 13

Joint capsule

Answer 13

The role of the joint capsule is to retain synovial fluid.

Question 14

Autoradiography

Answer 14

Autoradiography uses X-rays to visualize molecules or fragments of molecules that have been radioactively labeled. Autoradiography helps to examine the time of origin and developmental patterns of specific cell groups.

Question 15

Hershey-Chase experiment

Answer 15

Hershey and Chase found that when bacteriophages, which are composed of DNA and protein, infect bacteria, their DNA enters the bacteria’s cell, but most of their protein does not. Hershey and Chase’s discovery proved that DNA is the hereditary material, not proteins.