6th Grade Science MIDTERM: Chapter 1 Flashcards
What are 3 causes of earthquakes?
- when molten rock moves under a volcano
- the buildup and release of energy when 2 surface plates move or shift against each other
- when large amounts of earth are moved or added
What are 3 types of faults?
- reverse
- normal
- strike-slip
Breaks in the earth’s surface along which rocks can move
faults
Beginning point of an earthquake
focus
Vibrations of energy that flow out from the beginning point of an earthquake
seismic waves
the point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus
epicenter
A machine that detects, times, and measures the movement of the earth
seismograph
The strength of the seismic waves of an earthquake
magnitude
measures the magnitude of an earthquake’s seismic waves and assigns it a number
Richter scale
The crust of the earth is made up of large pieces known as _____
plates
______ are breaks in the earth’s surface
faults
An earthquake in the ocean may cause the formation of a large wave called a _____
tsunami
The lithosphere contains _____
magma chambers
A composite cone volcano has ___ sloping sides
steeply
A volcano that is expected to erupt again is called _____
active
The gases and debris released into the wire during a volcanic eruption is called _____
vog
crust and upper area of the mantle
lithosphere
scientist who studies the movement of the earth
seismologist
Strength of an earthquake’s seismic waves
magnitude
Giant ocean waves
tsunami
occurs when rocks move horizontally past each other
strike-slip fault
occurs when rocks push together, forcing a action of rock upward
thrust or reverse fault
occurs when rocks move apart, forming a gap
normal fault
What could cause a volcanic eruption?
- hot spot
- heated magma rising to the surface
A certain volcano is expected to erupt again within the next five years. It has a bowl-like crater at its top and only one main vent.
active cinder cone volcano
This large volcano seems to be layered, signifying that different types of lave flows have occurred int he past, but the volcano is presently inactive.
dormant composite cone volcano
This large, gradually sloping volcano has mild eruptions and a continuous flow of lava. Scientists will study the composition of the gathered lava.
active shield volcano
Fast moving waves that occur beneath the surface of the earth are called
body waves
One danger of volcanoes is a _____, which occurs when part of a mountain collapses, causing mud and rock fragments to surge down the mountain.
debris flow
A _____, an avalanche-like emission of red-host dust and gases from a volcanic eruption, killed the people of Pompeii.
pyroclastic flow
Magma that breaks through the earth’s surface is called ____.
lava
