6E Flashcards
___ and ___ refer to the process of backing up data in case of a loss and setting up systems that allow data recovery after a loss.
Backup and recovery
Backing up data requires ___ and ___ computer data so that it is accessible in case of a crash, data deletion or corruption.
copying and archiving
Data from an earlier time can only be recovered if it has been…?
backed up
System data should be backed up ____.
regularly
Policies should specify the ___ of backups (e.g., daily
or weekly), and the ___ of backup to be performed (full, incremental, or differential), based on data criticality and the frequency that new information is introduced.
frequency
type
Data backup policies should designate…?
location of stored data
file-naming conventions
media rotation frequency
method for transporting data offsite
Data may be backed up on…?
magnetic disks
magnetic tape
optical disks (such as CDs)
The specific method chosen for conducting backups should be based on system and data availability and integrity requirements. These methods include…?
electronic vaulting
mirrored disks (DASD or RAID)
floppy disks
It is also good business practice to store backed-up data ____.
offsite
The goal of all data backup jobs is to ensure that lost data, no matter how it got lost, ___ ___ ___ quickly, efficiently, and as completely as possible.
can be recovered
Customers should be advised to back up their data before ___ ___ ___ are made to a system, like reformatting a hard drive or loading a new computer image or new software.
any major changes
What is important to remember when it comes to knowing what you should back up?
- Programs seldom change. If they are lost, deleted, or corrupted, it’s just necessary to reload the software and any updates to the program.
- Data changes constantly. If data is deleted, corrupted, or lost and there is no backup, it cannot be recovered.
What does RAID stand for?
Redundant Array Independent Disks
____ is a way to manage disk redundancy so that you can create one logical drive from two or more physical drives in a safer and faster way.
RAID
What are the five commonly used RAID configurations?
- RAID 0
- RAID 1
- RAID 1+0 (RAID 10)
- RAID 5
- RAID 6
The following describes which RAID configuration?
- Data is stored simultaneously to both physical drives being used, meaning the data is spread across all drives.
*This method is called “striping” and it boosts performance - But if one drive fails all the data is lost
RAID 0
The following describes which RAID configuration?
*All data that is saved to one drive is reflected on the other giving the system a built in back up.
*This method is called “mirroring”
*Works very well for data drives and enables faster access times. * Requires a minimum of two drives
RAID 1
The following describes which RAID configuration?
- Four separate drives are used combining mirror and striping. This allows for much more reliability and is suitable for both data and program drives.
RAID 1+0 (RAID 10)
The following describes which RAID configuration?
*also uses striping, but RAID _ introduces a new feature known as parity. A parity bit is an index that is always correct. Because RAID _ has a single parity bit, there is one redundant disk. This means that if one of the RAID _ drives crash, the parity bits can be used along with
the remaining data to rebuild the lost data. RAID _ is commonly used for email archives. RAID _ configurations require a minimum of three disks.
RAID 5
The following describes which RAID configuration?
*also uses striping, but RAID two parity bits (double parity). There are two redundant (fault-tolerated) disks. This means that if two of the RAID _ drives crash, the parity bits can be used along with the remaining data to rebuild the lost data. RAID _ is commonly used identity access management (IAM) servers. RAID _ configurations require a minimum of four disks.
RAID 6
___ is the name for what you put your backed-up data on.
Media
Data can be stored on many different forms of media ranging from __ __ to network storage devices.
removable disks
The choice of media is based on the three things:
size, cost and speed
The following describes which of the three things that media is based on?
Media needs to be able to hold the data you’re backing up.
Size
The following describes which of the three things that media is based on?
It is nice to have the latest and greatest storage devices, but that may cost a lot of money. Media is normally expensive. You need to use a media that fits your unit’s budget.
Cost
The following describes which of the three things that media is based on?
Because the data on servers is so large, you are going to want something that is fast enough to back up the data in a reasonable amount of time. Backups are normally run late at night (when most people are not working) so there is enough time for the backups to finish before employees return.
Speed
Most backups rely on markers or ____ that determine what files are supposed to be backed up.
archive bits (flags)
An archive bit is a __ __ __ within a file that indicates whether a file has been backed up.
single binary digit
An archive bit of 1 indicates that the file has…?
not been backed up
An archive bit of zero indicates that the file…?
HAS
been backed up.
What are the three backup types?
- Full Backup
- Differential Backup
- Incremental Backup
The incremental backup ___ the archive bit.
clears
The full backup ____ the archive bit.
clears
Differential backups ____ the archive bit.
do not clear
The following describes which backup type?
This backup type backs up all files and folders. It does not rely on the archive bit to tell it what to backup, but it does clear the bit as each file is backed up. Restoring a Full backup recovers all data that
may have been lost.
Full Backup
The following describes which backup type?
___ backups back up everything that has changed since the most recent full backup. ___ backups do not clear the archive bit. ___ backs take longer to perform because more data is backed up every time the ___ backup takes place. These backs are faster to restore because the only disks required are the most recent full backup and the most recent ___ backup.
Differential Backup
The following describes which backup type?
___ backups backup all data that has changed since the previous backup. ___ backups do clear the archive bit. These backups are relatively fast because there is less data being backed up each
time as compared to full and differential backups. ___ backups do take more time to restore because the full backup must be restored first followed by every ___ backup in the order they were made. Daily backups are normally ___ backups.
Incremental Backup
What does DRP stand for?
Disaster Recovery Plan
All departments should develop an IT disaster recovery plan. It begins by compiling…?
An inventory of hardware, software applications and data
What are the steps that should be taken in IT disaster recovery planning:
- Assemble a disaster recovery team
- Perform risk assessments
- Prioritize processes and operations
- Data collection
- Creating the disaster recovery plan
- Testing the plan
The following describes which step in IT disaster recovery planning?
- Team should be composed of core members from all
departments with representation from the top management. - The team will be responsible for overseeing the entire development, implementation, and recovery operations of the plan.
Assemble a disaster recovery team
The following describes which step in IT disaster recovery planning?
A risk analysis and business impact analysis should be conducted,
which includes possible disasters, both natural and man-made. By conducting an analysis of the impact and aftermath in disaster scenarios, the security of crucial resources can be determined.
Perform risk assessments
The following describes which step in IT disaster recovery planning?
The organization’s critical requirements pertaining to each department must be determined with respect to data, documentation, services, processes, operations, vital resources, and policies and procedures. Everything should be categorized and
ordered based on priority as critical, essential, important, and non-essential.
Prioritize processes and operations
The following describes which step in IT disaster recovery planning?
All data pertaining to the organization must be gathered and documented. The collection should include an inventory of forms, policies, equipment, systems, applications, communications, important telephone numbers and other contact details, customer details, resource descriptions, onsite and offsite locations, details of backup storage facilities, retention polices, etc.
Data collection
The following describes which step in IT disaster recovery planning?
The plan should have detailed step-by-step instructions of what to do and who to contact during a disaster.
Creating the disaster recovery plan
The following describes which step in IT disaster recovery planning?
Regular efficiency tests provide a platform wherein analysis can be done as to what changes are required and make appropriate adjustments to the plan.
Testing the plan
There are four principal methods for assessing the functionality of recovery plans:
Checklist tests, Simulation tests, Parallel tests, Full interruption tests
