6A AEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION Flashcards
Study design dot points • the general structure of the biochemical pathways in photosynthesis and cellular respiration from initial reactant to final product • the main inputs, outputs, and locations of glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and electron transport chain including ATP yield (details of biochemical pathway mechanisms are not required) • the general role of enzymes and coenzymes in facilitating steps in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Overview of cellular respiration
Cellular respiration allows cells to break down large molecules and produce substantial amounts of the high-energy molecule ATP. Cellular respiration is vital to all living organisms and occurs via two distinct biochemical pathways: aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic fermentation.
what is cellular respiration?
the process by which cells create usable energy in the form of ATP from a series of biochemical reactions, involving the breakdown of glucose.
what is glucose?
a simple 6-carbon
sugar molecule with the formula
C6H12O6 (Carbon-6, Hydrogen-12, oxygen-6)
what is ATP?
adenosine triphosphate, a high energy molecule that, when broken down, provides energy for cellular processes.
aerobic cellular respiration
cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen. Involves three stages, during which glucose and O2 are converted into ATP, CO2, and water.
anaerobic fermentation
metabolic pathway that occurs
in the absence of oxygen. Involves glycolysis, followed by further reactions that convert pyruvate into lactic acid in animals, or ethanol and CO2 in yeast.
glycolysis
the first stage of aerobic cellular respiration in which glucose is converted to two pyruvate molecules.
Krebs cycle
the second stage of aerobic cellular respiration, where
multiple reactions occur to create ATP, NADH, FADH2, and the waste product CO2. Also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle.
electron transport chain
the third stage of aerobic cellular
respiration, in which a series of
protein complexes embedded
in the inner membrane of a
mitochondrion harness the stored energy in NADH and FADH2 to generate large amounts of ATP.
What is the mitochondria?
a double-membrane-bound
organelle that is the site of the
second and third stages of aerobic cellular respiration.
cytosol
the aqueous fluid that surrounds a cell’s organelles
inside the plasma membrane.
mitochondrial matrix
the space inside the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The site of the Krebs cycle.
crista (pl. cristae)
the folds of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The site of the electron transport chain.
pyruvate
a three-carbon molecule
that can be formed from the
breakdown of glucose via glycolysis.
