69A: FLIGHT CREW BRIEFING GUIDANCE Flashcards
Reason for Change: Based on industry best practices and manufacturer guidance, a new briefing style and format
is being introduced. The new format is a proactive response to internal and external indicators pointing to
the need
for a significant, timely and necessary change.
Briefing Objectives & Philosophy:
Briefings should ensure that:
- Threat and Error management (TEM) is
integrated into all briefings. - Both crew have a shared mental model.
- A clear monitoring framework is
established. - Flight crew resilience is built by creating
more capacity to think and act, enabling
confidence and minimizing the surprise
element when nonstandard situations arise.
New Flight Crew Briefing Philosophy
Threat Forward
Flight crew departure and arrival briefings first address the relevant threats to the flight and go on to discuss specific countermeasures that could be employed.
New Flight Crew Briefing Philosophy
Interactive
The briefing design ensures interaction between the PM and PF. The PM not only plays a leadership role in developing critical content of the briefing, but also plays a significant part in identifying and reestablishing safety margins, should they deteriorate.
New Flight Crew Briefing Philosophy
Scalable
As no two departures or arrivals are the same, flight crew briefings are scalable. Flight crew must discern what is important based on proficiency, familiarity, flight complexity and a host of other factors.
New Flight Crew Briefing Philosophy
Cognitive
The briefings incorporate human factor science, making it logical and easy to follow.
A thorough Setup & X-Check by the PM is required as the new brief does not cover
MCDU pages or Charts
Briefings follow the ___ format
T-P-C
(Threats Plan Considerations & Contingencies)
The debriefing is a powerful tool for long-term safety management. The two main objectives of the debriefing are
learning and improvement.
Is the new T-P-C briefing shorter or longer ?
The T-P-C briefing is concise, relevant and scalable. While there is a framework to work within, there is no standard script. A ‘long briefing’ is not necessarily a good one. The efficiency of a briefing is not measured by time but by the objective being achieved, i.e, both pilots sharing the same mental model for the operation.
Can ‘Scalability’ be elaborated ?
The flight crew can choose to scale up/down a briefing for a variety of reasons . Some examples are listed below :
Threats : A departure or arrival briefing with a lot of threats would require that the PLAN portion of the briefing is appropriately scaled up to incorporate the various mitigating strategies that were discussed. For example, reported tailwinds or a steep glide slope, could be mitigated by configuring early. This would require the PF to scale up his brief elaborating on when he plans to configure and what he would do differently.
Familiarity/Proficiency/Complexity : A procedure or an operation that is non routine or complex would require the flight crew to scale up their briefing appropriately. For example, a NPA (VOR/RNP) which either crew has not performed in a while would require scaling up the brief, highlighting FCU selections, expected FMA changes, actions at MDA etc. Other examples could be visual approaches or CAT Il/III approaches, where familiarity is low in either crew. In addition a gap in flying (recency) would also require a scaled up briefing.
Similarly, a high familiarity, high proficiency ,low threat departure or arrival could be scaled down. For ex a crew highly familiar with an airport would still need to brief the minimum safety critical items (PM), but the PF’s strategy could be appropriately scaled down.
