6.7

Question 1

involves hydraulic systems that use the
energy in flowing or falling water to produce
mechanical energy (motion), which can then be
converted to electricity.

Answer 1

Hydropower i

Question 2

Large-scale hydropower projects generate more
than ___ MW

Answer 2

30

Question 3

Small-scale hydropower systems - generate
between ___ kW to __ MW

Answer 3

100,30

Question 4

Micro hydropower (microhydro) systems - generate
up to _____ kW

Answer 4

100

Question 5

Pico hydropower systems - generate less than _ kW

Answer 5

5

Question 6

uses a dam to
store river water in a reservoir. The water may
be released either to meet changing electricity
needs or to maintain a constant reservoir level.

Answer 6

Impoundment hydropower system

Question 7

When the demand for electricity is low, a
_______________ hydropower system stores
energy by pumping water from a lower reservoir
to an upper reservoir.

Answer 7

pumped storage

Question 8

do
not require large storage reservoirs, but use a portion
of a river’s water, which is diverted to a channel,
pipeline, or pressurized penstock.

Answer 8

Run-of-the-river or Diversion Hydropower Systems

Question 9

a channel, pipeline, or
pressurized pipeline (penstock) that delivers the
water

Answer 9

Water conveyance

Question 10

transforms the energy of
flowing water into rotational energy

Answer 10

Turbine or waterwheel -

Question 11

-transforms the rotational
energy into electricity.

Answer 11

Alternator or generator -

Question 12

• controls the generator

Answer 12

Regulator

Question 13

• delivers the electricity

Answer 13

Wiring

Question 14

The oldest hydropower system component

Answer 14

Waterwheels

Question 15

have hydraulically designed blades that
are fixed to a shaft (much like a waterwheel). They
are designed so that when moving water strikes the
surfaces of the turbine blades, they spin a shaft.

Answer 15

Turbines

Question 16

The rotating part of a turbine is called the _______

Answer 16

runner

Question 17

have the least complex design and are
most commonly used for high head pico hydropower
systems.

Answer 17

• Impulse turbines

Question 18

The ____________ uses the concept of jet force to create
energy

Answer 18

Pelton wheel

Question 19

Advanced version of the Pelton wheel
* It uses the same jet spray concept

Answer 19

Turgo Impulse Wheel

Question 20

Referred to by its trade name as the Aquair UW
Submersible Hydro Generator, is a drop-in-thecreek
turbine that can generate power from a stream with as
little as 13 in of water and no head.

Answer 20

Jack Rabbit

Question 21

Highly efficient and are generally used in large-scale
hydropower applications. They depend on pressure
rather than velocity to produce energy.

Answer 21

Reaction Turbines

Question 22

can be used as substitutes for
hydraulic turbines because, when the action of a pump
is reversed, a pump operates like a turbine.

Answer 22

Conventional pumps

Question 23

is a waterway running parallel to the water
source.

Answer 23

Headrace

Question 24

functions as a
settling pond for large debris that would otherwise
flow into the system and damage the turbine.

Answer 24

forebay

Question 25

is related to the pressure at the base of a vertical column of water

Answer 25

Head

Question 26

A _________ system has a change in elevation of more than 10 m (3 m).

Answer 26

high head

Question 27

A ____________refers to a change in elevation of less than 10 m (3 m)

Answer 27

low head system

Question 28

is the vertical distance between the top of the penstock that conveys the water under pressure and the point where the water discharges from the turbine.

Answer 28

Static head

Question 29

is the static head less losses from friction and turbulence in the piping; thus, it is a fraction of static head.

Answer 29

Dynamic head

Question 30

For an elevation drop of several hundred feet, another technique is to use an __________

Answer 30

altimeter.

Question 31

can be used to establish a rough estimate of the static head (vertical distance) of a small hydropower site.

Answer 31

hose-tube measurement method

Question 32

The quantity of water flowing past a point in the stream per unit time.

Answer 32

Volumetric Flow Rate

Question 33

A common method for measuring flow on very small streams is the _________________method.

Answer 33

bucket measurement

Question 34

is a more accurate method used to approximate volumetric flow at the narrowest point in the stream

Answer 34

cross-sectional flow method

Question 35

t or f When planning a hydropower system in the U.S., the county engineer should be contacted initially.

Answer 35

t

Question 36

Responsible for licensing all nonfederal government hydroelectric projects under its jurisdiction.

Answer 36

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)

Question 37

t or f If the project falls under the jurisdiction of FERC, it is necessary to apply for a license or exemption from FERC

Answer 37

t

Question 38

t or f If the project involves a discharge of dredge or fill material into a watercourse or wetland a permit from the Army Corps of Engineers will not be needed

Answer 38

f ( may be needed)

Question 39

The ___________________ of ______ requires electric utilities to purchase power from independent power producers if certain conditions are met.

Answer 39

Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978