6.4 Flashcards
Is organic material from plant and animal growth.
Biomass
_______ is sunlight stored in the form of ___________ that are formed in growing plant life
through the process of _________, which takes
energy from the sun and converts carbon dioxide into
___________
Biomass, organic
compounds, photosynthesis, carbohydrates
Biomass is converted to energy by ______ it for commercial and residential space heating and for _________ heat and steam.
Biopower, burning, industrial
process
energy resources can be burned to create _____ for
generating electricity.
Bioheat, steam
The actual source of ________ differs depending on
location, availability, and end use.
biomass
Biomass is presently the leading source of renewable
energy in the _________.
United States
In 2003 biomass is accounted for
_____ of all renewable energy or almost ____ of the total energy produced in the United States.
47%, 4%
Biomass
currently provides about ___of U.S. electricity, about ___
of the fuel used in _____ and ____, and some of the
______ and ______ used by homes, businesses, and
schools.
2% , 1%, cars, trucks, heat, steam
______represents an enormous quantity of
_________ in the United States,
thereby increasing the potential for national
energy _________.
Biomass, renewable energy, independence
Common types of biomass fuels used in buildings include timber
(logs) and manufactured logs, wood pellets, briquettes, and
corn. An example of ______ used as a biomass fuel.
Many other types of solid biomass fuels can be used as an
alternative to _________.
Solid Fuels wood residue, fossil fuels
Alternative liquid transportation fuels (e.g., ethanol,
biodiesel) can be produced from agricultural crops,
mainly corn, soybeans, and sunflowers, instead of
petroleum.
Liquid Fuels
_______ and ________ can be blended with
or directly substituted for gasoline and diesel.
Ethanol, biodiesel
__________
is an alcohol that is made from any biomass high in
carbohydrates (starches, sugars, or celluloses), typically
corn, through a ________ process similar to brewing
beer.
Ethanol, fermenting
_______ is a recycled by-product formed during the
_______ of wood in the papermaking industry that can
be used as a source of energy. It is burned in a _______ to
produce electricity and steam.
Black liquor, pulping, boiler
__________ is a combustible gas produced by the
________, or oxygen-free, digestion of vegetable
and/or animal wastes. It can be used to
generate power.
Methane gas, anaerobic
When biomass is heated in the absence of oxygen it gasifies to a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which is known as _______ or ______.
synthesis gas, syngas
_______ more efficiently and cleanly than the
solid biomass from which it was made
Syngas burns
The energy content of biomass fuels varies
significantly with the biomass product. T or F
T
Type of Biomass Technologies
- Direct Combustion
- Anaerobic Digestion
- Gasification
- Pyrolysis
- Biofuels
- Municipal Solid Waste
The __________ process makes use of a furnace
or boiler to convert biomass fuel into hot air, hot water,
steam, and electricity for commercial or industrial uses.
direct combustion
__________ is a biochemical process in which
groups of bacteria, working symbiotically, break down complex organic wastes in animal manure and food processing residue to produce biogas, mainly a ______ and _______ mix.
Anaerobic digestion, methane, carbon dioxide
Controlled anaerobic digestion requires
an airtight chamber
Digester
__________ is a thermochemical process that
converts biomass into a combustible gas called
_________ that contains carbon monoxide,
hydrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, tar vapor, and
ash particles.
Biomass gasification, producer gas
In the ______, very small, low-moisture
particles of biomass fuel are rapidly heated to
temperatures in the range of _____ to ______ (450° to
550°C) in the absence of oxygen, resulting in _______ oil, which can be used as a _________.
pyrolysis process, 840°, 1020°F, liquid
pyrolysis, synthetic fuel oil
