6.6.1 Waves in air, fluids and solids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two families of wave?

A

Transverse and longitudinal

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2
Q

What are examples of a transverse wave?

A

Electromagnetic waves
Water waves
Secondary seismic waves

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3
Q

What are examples of a longitudinal wave?

A

Sound waves

Primary seismic waves

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4
Q

What are the top and bottom of a transverse wave called?

A

top - peak/crest

bottom - trough

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5
Q

What are the different regions in a longitudinal wave called?

A

particles close together - compression

particles far apart - rarefaction

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6
Q

What is the definition of a wave?

A

Something which transfers energy (or information) from one place to another without transferring matter (material).

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7
Q

How do the particles move in a transverse wave?

A

The particles oscillate perpendicular (at 90 degrees) to the direction of wave travel.

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8
Q

How do the particles move in a longitudinal wave?

A

The particles oscillate parallel (at 90 degrees) to the direction of wave travel.

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9
Q

What is the difference between a transverse and a longitudinal wave?

A

In a transverse wave the particles oscillate perpendicular (at 90 degrees) to the direction of wave travel.
In a longitudinal wave the particles oscillate parallel (at 90 degrees) to the direction of wave travel.

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10
Q

Give a piece of evidence that no matter moves when a wave travels.

A

A ball on water moves up and down as the wave moves from left to right.
Sand particles in a resonance tube vibrate in fixed positions as a wave moves down the tube.

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11
Q

What is the definition of the amplitude of a wave?

A

The maximum displacement moved by a particle on a wave from its rest/mean/equilibrium/undisturbed position.
The distance from the equilibrium position to the top of a peak or bottom of a trough on a transverse wave.

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12
Q

What is the definition of the wavelength of a wave?

A

The distance between two identical points on a wave e.g. two adjacent peaks or two troughs

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13
Q

What is the definition of the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of complete oscillations (waves) passing a point per second.

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14
Q

What is the definition of the time period of a wave?

A

The time taken for one complete oscillation.

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15
Q

What is the unit of frequency?

A

Hertz (Hz)

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16
Q

What is the definition of wave speed?

A

The speed at which energy is transferred (or a wave moves) through a medium.

17
Q

What is the wave equation?

A

wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)

18
Q

What is the symbol for wavelength?

A

λ

19
Q

Describe a method to measure the speed of sound in air outside.

A

Measure a distance of about 150 m with a trundle wheel to a wall; Have a student make a loud sound and start the timer; Stop the timer on hearing the echo; speed = distance x 2 / time

20
Q

Describe a method to measure the speed of sound in air inside the laboratory.

A

Have two microphones about 2 metres apart; measure with a ruler; connect microphones to a smart timer and make a loud sound near one of the microphones; Timer stops when second microphone detects the sound; Use speed = distance / time