6.5.4.1 Describing Motion along a line Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a scalar quantity mean?

A

A quantity which has magnitude (size) only

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2
Q

What does a vector quantity mean?

A

A quantity which has magnitude (size) and direction

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3
Q

Is distance a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Scalar (it has magnitude only)

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4
Q

Is displacement a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Vector (it has size and direction)

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5
Q

What are the similarities and differences between distance and displacement?

A

Both measured in metres (m)

Distance - scalar, displacement - vector

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6
Q

A object travels three metres. Is this a measurement of distance or displacement?

A

Distance - it has magnitude (size) only.

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7
Q

A object travels three metres north. Is this a measurement of distance or displacement?

A

Displacement - it has a magnitude and direction.

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8
Q

Is speed a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Scalar (it has magnitude only)

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9
Q

What factors can affect the walking/cycling speed of a person?

A

Age
Terrain
Fitness
Distance already traveled (tiredness)

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10
Q

What is the difference between average speed and instantaneous speed?

A

Average speed is a measure of the speed of an object over the whole journey; instantaneous speed is the speed at that particular point in the journey.

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11
Q

What are the typical speeds for walking, running and cycling?

A

walking ~ 1.5 m/s
running ~ 3.0 m/s
cycling ~ 6.0 m/s

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12
Q

What is the typical value for the speed of sound?

A

~ 330 m/s

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13
Q

What is the equation for speed?

A

Speed (m/s) = distance traveled (m) / time taken (s)

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14
Q

What equipment would be required to measure the speed of a person running?

A

Distance - Tape measure or trundle wheel

Time - stopwatch or timer

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15
Q

Is velocity a scalar or vector quantity?

A

Vector (it has size and direction)

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16
Q

What are the similarities and differences between speed and velocity?

A

Both measured in m/s, both are a rate of change (something divided by time)
Speed - scalar, velocity - vector
speed = distance/time, velocity = displacement/time

17
Q

(HT only) How do speed and velocity vary for an object moving in a circle?

A

speed is constant
velocity varies from positive to negative and back to positive. Total displacement in one loop is zero (its back where it started) so velocity is zero.

18
Q

On which axis do distance and time go on a distance-time graph?

A

Time - x-axis

Distance - y-axis

19
Q

What type of motion does a flat line represent on a distance time graph?

A

A object which is stationary/at rest/still

20
Q

What type of motion does a straight sloped line represent on a distance-time graph?

A

An object traveling at a constant speed

21
Q

How can you determine the speed of an object from a distance-time graph?

A

Its the gradient (rise/run)

22
Q

How would accelerating motion be represented on a distance-time graph?

A

A curved line

23
Q

How can you tell if the speed of an object is faster or slower than another?

A

The gradient of the line representing the faster motion is higher/steeper than the slower motion (lower/shallower gradient)

24
Q

(HT only) How can the instantaneous speed of an object be found on a curved (accelerating) distance time graph?

A

Draw a tangent to the line at the time required. Determine the gradient of the tangent.

25
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

acceleration (m/s2) = change in velocity/time taken

26
Q

What is the unit of acceleration?

A

m/s2

27
Q

Determine whether the following quantities are vectors and scalars? Distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration.

A

Scalar - distance, speed

Vector - displacement. velocity, acceleration

28
Q

On which axis do velocity and time go on a velocity-time graph?

A

Time - x-axis

Velocity - y-axis

29
Q

How could you represent an object at rest on a velocity-time graph?

A

A flat line along the x-axis (y = 0)

30
Q

How could you represent an object traveling at a constant velocity on a velocity-time graph?

A

A flat line. (Along the x-axis is a constant velocity of 0 m/s, but not a safe answer)

31
Q

What type of motion does a straight sloped line represent on a velocity-time graph?

A

An object which is accelerating

32
Q

How can the acceleration be determined from a velocity-time graph?

A

The gradient (rise/run)

33
Q

(HT only) What does the area under a velocity-time graph represent?

A

The displacement

34
Q

(HT only) How is the displacement of an accelerating object determined?

A

The area of the triangle (1/2 x base x height).

35
Q

What do the terms ‘v’, ‘u’, ‘a’ and ‘s’ mean?

A

v - final velocity
u - initial velocity
a - acceleration
s - displacement

36
Q

What is the acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the Earth?

A

9.8 m/s2

37
Q

Describe what happens when an object is dropped near the surface of the Earth.

A

Initially accelerates at 9.8 m/s2
Air resistance increases as speed increases
Until air resistance equals the weight
There is no resultant force and the object travels at terminal velocity

38
Q

What is the name of the maximum velocity traveled by an object falling due to gravity?

A

Terminal velocity.

39
Q

Describe an investigation to determine the speed of water ripples in the laboratory.

A

Set up an oscillator to create ripples; set up a strobe light that creates a still pattern in the waves; determine the frequency from the signal generator/strobe light; using f = 1/T; measure the wavelength with a ruler; use wave speed = frequency x wavelength.