6.6 Could the infections have been prevented? Flashcards
What about the skin prevents the entry of pathogens?
The keratin outer layer and the skin flora
how does the mucous membrane protect against pathogens?
The mucus secreted by goblet cells traps microbes and other particles, the beating cilia carry the mucus up to the throat where it is swallowed
how do lysozymes help protect against pathogens?
It breaks down bacterial cell walls, causing the cell to burst
what about the stomach prevents the entry of pathogens?
gastric juices that contain HCl
how does the gut flora prevent pathogenic bacteria?
it out-competes them
what are the four paths to immunity?
Active artificial immunity, passive artificial immunity, active natural immunity and passive natural immunity
what is active artificial immunity?
Vaccinations
what is passive artificial immunity?
when antibodies are artificially injected
What is active natural immunity?
the secondary immune response
what is passive natural immunity?
antibodies from breastmilk or the placenta
what four things could a vaccine contain?
attentuated viruses, killed bacteria, a harmless toxin or an antigen-bearing fragment
what is herd immunity?
when enough people are immunised the disease is less likely to be transferred so there is less disease in the community
