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Sport and Society - section 6 > 6.5 Drugs in Sport > Flashcards

6.5 Drugs in Sport Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain what is meant by ‘Drugs in Sport’

A

The use of illegal drugs and doping methods to enhance performance

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2
Q

Define the term ‘Doping’

A

The use of banned performance enhancing drugs by athletes

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3
Q

What are potential social reasons and motives for doping?

A
  • Attitude to ‘win at all costs’
  • Fame and fortune attached to success at elite level (money)
  • Pressure to win from variety of sources (coaches, family, media)
  • A performer having a firm belief that they would not get caught
  • Poor role models setting bad examples
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4
Q

What are potential psychological reasons and motives for doping ?

A
  • Could be used to steady nerves where fine motor control is required (beta blockers for a darts thrower)
  • Anabolic steroids to increase aggression on high contact sports
  • Stimulants to raise a performers belief that they can achieve/if they are suffering from a lack of confidence
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5
Q

Describe the characteristics of ‘Stimulants’

A

Drug that induces a temporary improvement in mental and physical function. Increases awareness, alertness, reduces reaction time and tiredness. Stimulants are highly addictive.

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6
Q

What athletes would benefit from taking Stimulants

A

Sprinters, sprint swimmers, high jumper, cricket

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7
Q

State examples of ‘Stimulants’ used in sport

A

Caffeine, amphetamines, cocaine

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8
Q

State the side effects of taking ‘Stimulants’

A
  • High blood pressure
  • Stroke
  • Increase risk of injury as the performer is more tolerant to pain
  • Liver and heart issues
  • Can be used by performers who are injured
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9
Q

Describe the characteristics of ‘Anabolic Steroids’

A

An artificially produced hormone that aids in the storage of protein therefor promoting muscle growth. Leads to an increase in strength and power. Improves body’s capacity to train for longer at a higher intensity and decrease fatigue associated with training.

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10
Q

What athletes would benefit from taking ‘Anabolic Steroids’

A

Sprinters, cyclists, rugby players

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11
Q

State an example of an type of ‘Anabolic Steroid’

A

THG = tetrahydrogestrinone (tweaked by chemists)

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12
Q

State the side effects of taking ‘Anabolic Steroids’

A
  • Behavioural changes (agression, paranoia, mood swings)
  • Liver damage
  • Heart issues
  • Acne
  • Weakened immunity
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13
Q

Describe the characteristics of ‘Beta Blockers’

A

Medication which widens the arteries, allowing for an increase in blood flow therefor reducing involuntary muscle spasms. Improves accuracy in precision sports by steadying nerves. Calms performance anxiety and lowers heart rate decreasing trembling. Counteracts the adrenaline produced with that interferes with performance.

Widening artery = increase blood flow = decrease hr = decrease bp = counteracting adrenaline = decrease anxiety = decrease trembling

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14
Q

What athletes would benefit from taking ‘Beta Blockers’

A

Shooting events (pistol), darts, archery, gold, snooker

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15
Q

State the side effects of taking ‘Beta Blockers’

A
  • Slows HR which will affect aerobic capacity
  • Tiredness due to low BP
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16
Q

Why may games players NOT use ‘Beta Blockers’

A

Games players require a large blood supply to the working muscles and adrenaline is needed for aggression typically useful in games sports.

17
Q

Describe the characteristics of ‘Erythropoietin/peptide hormone’

A

A natural hormone produced by the kidneys to increase RBC count. It can now artificially be manufactured to cause an increase in oxygen carrying haemoglobin levels = increase in the body’s oxygen carrying capacity which delays onset fatigue.

18
Q

What athletes would benefit from taking ‘Erythropoietin/peptide hormone’

A

Triathletes, long distance runners, long distance cyclists

19
Q

State the side effects of taking “Erythropoietin/peptide hormone’

A
  • Blood clotting
  • Stroke
  • Death
20
Q

Describe the characteristics of ‘Blood Doping’

A

Artificial method to increase RBC count in the blood. Involves the athlete removing and storing (freezing) 2 pints of blood, several (6) weeks before competition. The body will replace the blood that was removed. Blood injected back into the athlete 1-2 days before competition (blood transfusion)

21
Q

What athletes would benefit from ‘Blood Doping’

A

Endurance athletes = long distance running, cycling

22
Q

State the side effects of ‘Blood Doping’

A
  • Increases blood viscosity which would lead to heart attack
  • Blood borne disease e.g. HIV
  • Embolism (blockage of blood vessel)
23
Q

Name an athlete who used the process of ‘Blood Doping’ to enhance sporting performance

A

Lance Armstrong
Road racing cyclist
Seven consecutive Tour de France titles stripped
Banned for life

24
Q

Describe the characteristics of ‘Diuretics’

A

Drug that removes fluids from the body. Not used to improve performance; used for other reasons such as loosing weight rapidly. Could also be used to dilute/mask the presence of other illegal substances (hide other PED’s used) Excreted through urine.

25
Q

What athletes would benefit from ‘Diuretics’

A

Boxers, Jockeys, weightlifters, wrestlers

26
Q

State the side effects of taking ‘Diuretics’

A
  • Severe dehydration
  • Low blood pressure
  • Muscle cramps
27
Q

Explain why athletes should take sport enhancing drugs

A
  • Expensive and time consuming to test athletes
  • Easy access making drugs difficult to eliminate
  • Money spent on testing could be invested back into participation of elite sport
  • Drugs could be taken accidentally
  • Blurred line between what a drug is compared to a legal supplement (oxygen tent vs blood doping)
  • Increase standards of sport = better to watch
  • Drugs aid recovery in athletes
  • If monitored health risks could be lessened
28
Q

Explain why athletes should take part in drug testing

A
  • Severe health risks and dangerous side effects
  • Negative role models
  • Negative image to sport
  • Gives unfair advantage and is immoral
  • It is illegal
  • Success should be about hard work and natural talent
  • Pressure to take drugs increases from coaches and peers who take drugs = just get rid of drugs completely
29
Q

What are potential positive aspects for athletes taking PED’s

A
  • Brings fame and fortune for those who evade detection
  • Physiological benefits for that sport but not necessarily for health
30
Q

State strategies aimed to eliminate the use of PED’s in sport

A

D - drug free culture created via education
O - organization involved in drug detection
P - punishment needs to be harsher
I - investment is required into new testing programs/tech
N - name and shame negative role models
G - guilty will loose sponsorship/income

31
Q

Name organisations which attempt to eliminate the use of illegal PED’s

A

UKAD - UK Anti Doping
WADA - World Anti Doping Agency
NGB’s

32
Q

Explain the ‘100% me program’

A

UK anti doping agency which promotes ethical drug free sports programs. It is delivered to all athletes at all stages of the performance pathway and includes elite athletes preparing for the Olympics and Paralympics.

33
Q

What PED is being described below:

‘An artificially produced hormone that aids in the storage of protein therefor promoting muscle growth.’

A

Anabolic Steroids

34
Q

What PED is being described below:

A hormone naturally produced by the kidneys to increase RBC count and therefor increase haemoglobin levels and the body’s ability to carry oxygen (delaying onset fatigue)

A

Erythropoietin/peptide hormone

35
Q

What is the aim of the ‘whereabouts system’

A

A system designed to support out of competition testing which requires athletes to provide the details of their whereabouts so that they can be located at anytime and anywhere for testing WITHOUT ADVANCE NOTICE

36
Q

Explain what is the IOC

A

International Olympic Committee - independent authority of the worldwide modern olympic movement. It organises the Olympic games

Sport and Society - section 6 (3 decks)

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