65 Definitions Deux Flashcards
Common Stock
MIGHT Pay Dividends
DOES HAVE Voting Rights
DOES HAVE Preemptive Rights
Define Statutory Voting
ONE vote for EACH VACANCY per ONE share
Define Cumulative Voting
Total Number of Votes = Number of Shares X Number of Vacancies
Preemptive Rights
- Can Be Sold for Value
- the Exercise Price is BELOW CMV (Current Market Value)
- They are attached to STOCKS
- SHORT TERM
Warrants
- LONG TERM
- Attached to BONDS
- CAN be detached and sold separately
- Exercised ABOVE CMV (Current Market Value)
ADRs
American Depository Receipts (ADRs)
- Issued and held by U.S. Commercial Banks
- Represents ownership of a foreign company’s shares listed on Foreign Exchanges
- Allows investors to avoid problems associated with foreign securities such as:
Currency conversion
Certification Registration
Trade Administration
Restricted Stock
- Can NOT be transferred until certain conditions are met
- Acquired through PRIVATE offering(s)
- MANDATORY holding periods
ESOPs
Employee Stock Option Plan(s)
- Employee non-cash compensation
- Employees can purchase stock in the future ata pre-determined price
- Used as an incentive for employer’s future growth
Three Key Facts regarding FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS
- Economics-based
- Monetarism-Driven
- Federal Reserve Board (FRB)-driven
4 Major Issues of Fundamental Analysis
- ) Monetary policies from Federal Reserve Board
- ) FISCAL vs MONETARY policy
- ) Economic Indicators
- ) Specific Company Balance Sheet and Income Statement Analysis
P/E Ratio
- Measures HOW EXPENSIVE the stock is RELATIVE TO ITS EARNINGS
Earnings Per Share
*the higher the ratio, the more expensive it is
Price to Book Ratio
COMPARES the CMP (Current Market Price) of a stock TO ITS CALCULATED BOOK VALUE
* A low # may indicate that the stock is out of favor with investors and/or a good market value.
P/B Ratio = CMP/Book Value Per Share
***Book Value = All Company Assets - All Liabilities
TECHNICAL ANALYSIS is also known as
“QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS”
Define “Short Interest”
Number of Outstanding shares that Investors have/are SELLING SHORT
Technical Analysis Terms
- Head and Shoulders
- Support and Resistance
- Top-Down
- Bottom-Up
- Consolidation Pattern
- 200 Day Moving Average
- Volume of Shares Traded
- VIX
Technical Analysis is useful in determining what?
PRICE and TIME
Who Utilize Technical Analysis the most?
MARKET MAKERS and TRADERS
Fundamentalists tell _______ whereas Technicicans tell ____________
- ) WHATto buy
2. ) WHEN to buy and sell
Define the DIVIDEND DISCOUNT MODEL
Determines value of stock today by determining PRESENT VALUE OF ALL FUTURE DIVIDENDS
- It uses anticipated dividends and discounts them to determine present value
Define the DIVIDEND GROWTH MODEL
Uses growth rare on Present Dividend and Projects Future Income
- If growth is expected, it usually indicates higher-quality value
Unit Investment Trusts issue what?
SBI aka SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
Open-End Mutual Funds
- Issue REDEEMABLE shares
- Largest group in terms of Management Companies
- BOUGHT and SOLD DIRECTLY FROM MUTUAL FUND COMPANY
Closed-End Mutual Funds
- Issue NON-redeemable Shares
- Trade via EXCHANGES
- More Liquid
- Trade Like Stocks
Face Amount Certificates
- One of the THREE Types of Management Companies
- Issue DEBT CERTIFICATES
- Sold at a DISCOUNT
- RARELY Used anymore
Open-End Management Company Details
- MOST COMMON type of POOLED INVESTMENT Security
- Instant Diversification
- Continual Offering and Redemption of shares
- Shares sold at POP (Public Offering Price)
- Not allowed to sell based on dividends (can’t tell clients to buy before the Ex-Dividend date)
- Sold as common shares
- Each share allows for One voting right
- DIVIDENDS may be distributed UP TO QUARTERLY
- Investors may receive dividends in cash or otherwise choose to reinvest
- Capital Gains distributions up to ONE year
- DISTRIBUTIONS are TAXABLE in the year it was paid
- Automatically reinvested distributions increase the investor’s cost-basis
POP = ___________
NAV per share + Sales Charge
Equity Funds
- These invest in COMMON or PREFERRED stocks
- Generally considered Growth-Oriented
- May pursue variety of objectives
BLUE CHIP Companies
- Large, Mature firms with high consumer recognition and brand loyalty
- Established products and distribution channels
- Proven earnings and consistent payment history
- Stock value usually stable and more steady in declining markets
- Suits investors who want market exposure with less volatility
- Less CREDIT/volatility RISK
Example of a Money Market Fund
50% Domestic Commercial Paper 20% Foreign Commercial Paper 15% Corporate Bonds and Notes 10% Yankee Certificates of Deposit 2% U.S. Government and Agency Obligations
Example of an INCOME FUND
48% Corporate Bonds and Notes 23% Mortgage-Backed Securities 15% U.S. Government Bonds 6% Asset-Backed Securities 3% Preferred Stocks
Example of GROWTH & INCOME FUND
25% Financial Stocks 15% Consumer Staples Stocks 15% Cash and Other 10% Healthcare Stocks 10% Communications Stocks 8% Technology Stocks 7% Utility Stocks
Example of a GROWTH FUND
40% Technology Stocks 15% Healthcare Stocks 10% Financial Stocks 10% Consumer Cyclical Stocks 10% Conglomerates Stocks 10% Consumer Staples Stocks 5% Communications Stocks
Example of an AGGRESSIVE GROWTH FUND
55% Technology Stocks 10% Consumer Cyclical Stocks 10% Consumer Staples Stocks 10% Healthcare Stocks 5% Communication Stocks 5% Financials Stocks 3% Energy Stocks
Example of a SPECIALIZED FUND
25% Communications Equipment 20% Software 18% Electronics 14% Computers 11% Other 10% Communications Services 2% Cash
BLEND Funds
- NO FIXED-INCOME
- Mix of Growth and Value stocks
- Designed to appreciate in value by means of CAPITL GAINS
- GROWTH-VALUE EQUITIES
BALANCED Funds
- Combination of FIXED-INCOME instruments and EQUITIES
- Achieves Growth in both VALUE and INCOME as well as Preservation of Capital
- FIXED-INCOME DEBT AND EQUITIES
Mutual Fund Managment
- Board of Directors
- Must be elected by shareholders
- MINIMUM of 40% of board must be UNAFFILIATED with the Fund- If fund has 12b-1 fees, 51% must be outside members
Mutual Fund Expenses
- Management Fee (largest expense)
** Fee is paid to investment advisor(s0 - Expressed as % of fund’s Net Asset Value (NAV)
OTHER EXPENSES:
custodian’s fee
Transfer Agent fee
Board of Directors fee
Administration and distribution fees
12 b-1 fees
- Covers expenses associated with promotion and distribution of fund shres
- asset-based
- based on annual % of the net assets under management
- CHARGED QUARTERLY
- Annual LIIT of 0.75% of assets
- NO-LOAD max of 0.25% of net assets under management
Expense Ratio
Total Expenses / Average Net Assets
***Sales charges (loads) NOT included in the Expense Ratio)
Mutual Fund Underwriter
- “Underwriter” is a SPONSOR or DISTRIBUTOR or WHOLESALER
- Has EXCLUSIVE agreement with the Fund
- They market the fund shares to dealers who then sell to the public
Sales flow of Fund Shares
Fund (sells at NAV)
|
Underwriter (sells at discount to offering price)
|
Dealer (sells at NAV + Sales Charge)
|
Public (Buys at Public Offering Price aka POP)
Sales Charge
- Expressed as a % of POP
- Per FINRA, MAX sales charge is 8.5%
- *In Order to charge the MAX sales charge, MF must offer:
1. ) Dividend Reinvestment
2. ) Breakpoints
3. ) Rights of accumulation (family members can combine assets in order to lower the price) - ** MF may have 12 b-1 fees IN ADDITION to sales charge
The Investment Company Act of 1940 requires that MF pay redemption proceeds to investors within _____ calendar days?
7
Forward Pricing
Shareholder receives next calculated NAV
- Buy and sell orders received during the trading day are held for execution at the next pricing (EOD).
- **Mutual Funds prices fluctuate DAILY but NOT INTRADAY
Mutual Fund Quote Ex.
$81.99 - $77.89 = $4.10 $81.99 = Ask Price (POP) $77.89 = Bid Price (NAV) $4.10 = Sales Charge * Investors always redeem at NAV
Equation for NAV per share
Total Assets / Total Number of Outstanding Shares
Class A Mutual Fund Shares
Front-End Load
Expensive, Large Investment
LONG TERM