6.4 Management Of Urban Settlements Flashcards

1
Q

General facts about Favelas in São Paulo (shanty town)

A
  • Heliópolis is the largest areas of slum housing in Latin America
  • over 100,000 people live here in a mix of absolutely and semi-poverty
  • developed rapidly in the 1970s, and has continued to grow
  • drug gangs developed considerable power in the area + murder and violence were at a high level
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2
Q

What is absolute poverty?

A

a condition characterised by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education etc.

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3
Q

What is relative poverty?

A
  • basic needs may be met but those who live in relative poverty are are considerably worse off than those around them
  • it is defined as living below 50% of the average income
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4
Q

What are the challenges of Favelas

A
  • finding the expensive investment capital for construction
  • noise + disruption during development phase
  • distribution of the service - who gets what + where
  • size or scale of area involved
  • environmental issues - pollution during construction phase
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5
Q

What were the solution for Heliópolis?

A
  • 2003 - UNAS (residents association), NGO - action aid and architect, Roy Ohtake came up with a plan to radically improve the environment
  • this involved a coordinated street colour scheme, a library, recreational centre + housing project
  • led to the development of the Heliópolis Housing Project iniates by SEHAB (the department of housing) in 2010
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6
Q

What would the Heliópolis Housing Project provide?

A
  • housing for 70,000 people in 18,000
  • improving urban living, leisure spaces, educational and health facilities
  • SEHAB also engaged in slum upgrading programmes, sanitary improvement and regularisation of informal land subdivisions - changed the focus from removing slums to upgrading them
  • the first stage (2011) produced 11 five storey towers, each containing 18 apartments
  • second stage developed 29 towers containing 542 new apartments
  • cost estimated to be between $60,000 to $70,000
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7
Q

Did the Heliópolis Housing Project work?

A
  • Basic Sanitary Company of São Paulo states there is now 100% water connection, 77% sewage connection, almost 100% street lighting, now has Wi-Fi connection + most of the streets are paved
  • security + stability have improved in the area, encouraging more people to invest
  • Heliópolis is now considered a town
  • there has been schemes to encourage entrepreneurship + small commercial ventures are located throughout the area - praised by ‘The Economist’ in 2010 for their innovation + entrepreneurship spirit
  • however much remains to be done - fragile nature of house construction in Heliópolis was shown in July 2013 following a fire that killed 3 people + left 900 homeless - ActionAid still condemn some of the housing conditions
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8
Q

Problems of transport infrastructure in Cairo?

A
  • largest city in Africa - pop. growth has been rapid over the 50 years
  • transport infrastructure designed for 2 million, but population was 8 million in 2014
  • congestion is a constant issue - raising concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, poor air quality + noise
  • Cairo city transport operates the bus services - 450 formal bus routes
  • Cairo’s metro carries about 2.2 million passengers a day in 2014
  • Hugh ridership of public transport highlights demand for improvement in infrastructure
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9
Q

What are the problems with improving transport infrastructure in Cairo?

A
  • the problem is huge + city planners have struggled to keep pace to keep pace with rising demands + sheer size or scale of area involved
  • finding sufficient funds to pay for the engineering contracts is a continuous challenge
  • current public transport provision is inadequate - the planned extension to Cairos metro takes time + will cause disruption during the development phase/construction
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10
Q

Solution to road transport in Cairo

A
  • road transport has required sustained Hugh-level investment as the city has grown (population + land area)
  • 7 bridges have been constructed- downtown expressways + flyovers bypass the congestion
  • 100km ring road (build in 1990s) surrounds the city
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11
Q

Solutions to the metro in Cairo?

A
  • metro system was developed to reduce the number of vehicles on the road
  • line 1 opened in 1987, line 2 1996, line 3 in 2012
  • an extension to line 3 (phase 4B) was completed in 2020 to link the metro with the eastern part of the city
  • a further link (to the airport) from line 3 is planned/under construction
  • line 4 began construction in 2016 + 2 more lines are planned
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12
Q

Solution for the airport in Cairo?

A
  • located 15km from the centre of Cairo - second largest in Africa after Johannesburg
  • 3 main terminals
  • a season flight terminal opened in 2011 to ease the strain on existing terminals
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13
Q

Evaluation of solutions in Cairo?

A
  • most people see the development of the road system as essential, but critics say new roads simply generate more traffic
  • despite new developments, the road system is till overcrowded + traffic jams are routine
  • congestion is a result of insufficient public transport system according to a world Bank traffic study (2014)
  • main limitations with the metro system is that it only reaches a limited area of the city - the extension of line 3 has increased the capacity of the metro so it now carries 4 million passengers a day
  • it is hoped that further metro expansion will increase the metros capacity + thereby reduce the number of private vehicles on the road
  • the expansion of the airport has been vital to maintain Cairo’s global city status
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