6.4-6.5

Question 1

Haymarket Riot

Answer 1

1886 labor-related protest in Chicago which ended in deadly violence

Question 2

Pinkertons

Answer 2

Members of the Chicago police force headed by Alan Pinkerton, they were often used as strike breakers.

Question 3

Robber Barons

Answer 3

Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price.

Question 4

Trust

Answer 4

A group of corporations run by a single board of directors

Question 5

Scientific Management

Answer 5

a management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations and find ways to minimize the time needed to complete it

Question 6

Gross Domestic Production

Answer 6

The sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a nation

Question 7

Holding Company

Answer 7

A firm that buys up stocks and bonds of smaller companies.

Question 8

Vertical Integration

Answer 8

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Question 9

Corporation

Answer 9

A business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts

Question 10

Sherman Anti-trust Act

Answer 10

1890 law banning any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce

Question 11

Collective Bargaining

Answer 11

negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees.

Question 12

American Federation of Labor

Answer 12

1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.

Question 13

Pullman Strike

Answer 13

violent 1894 railway workers’ strike which began outside of Chicago and spread nationwide

Question 14

Knights of Labor

Answer 14

1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed

Question 15

Homestead Strike

Answer 15

1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when “scab” labor was brought in to force an end to the strike.

Question 16

Industrial Workers of the World

Answer 16

Founded in 1905, this radical union, also known as the Wobblies aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor’s interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution, and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity.

Question 17

Horizontal Integration

Answer 17

Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller

Question 18

Unions

Answer 18

An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.