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M6 Mac > 6.3.3 Fbric Covering > Flashcards

6.3.3 Fbric Covering Flashcards

1
Q

Before fabric covering any component what must be done to the structure

A

Structure must be inspected, all foreign matter removed and protective treatments must be applied

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2
Q

What are the most stable temperatures for applying fabric to an aircraft

A

16-21°c and a relative humidity of no more than 70%

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3
Q

What is cotton tape also referred to as

A

Egyptian tape

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4
Q

What are linin tapes used for

A

Covering leading and trailing edges and repairs

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5
Q

What is used for stringing

A

Flax chord

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6
Q

What type of conditions should aircraft coverings be stored

A

About 20°c in the dry

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7
Q

What must be done to bolt heads and screw heads that would be likely to chafe before covering

A

They should be covered with tape

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8
Q

How may aircraft fabrics be fitted

A

With the warp or weft 45° to the slip stream or in line with the slip stream

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9
Q

What are the most common methods of re covering aircraft

A
  • Prefabricated envelopes

- The Blanket method

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10
Q

How should stitching not be done

A

Seams should never be made at right angles to the direction of air flow

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11
Q

What two types of machine seams are used on aircraft

A
  • Balloon seam

- Lap seam

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12
Q

What is the Balloon seem also referred to as

A

The French Fell

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13
Q

When would the Lap seam be used

A

Only when specified for the manufacturer. The Balloon seam(French fell) is the preferred method

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14
Q

What is the main hand sewing method

A

Overhand stitch

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of hand stitch used for repairs

A

Herringbone (baseball)

Boot

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16
Q

What should be done to all threads before sewing

A

A layer of beeswax should be applied

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17
Q

What is boom stringing used for

A

Deep aerofoil sections

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18
Q

How is fabric usually attached to plywood

A

It is usually done with dope

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19
Q

When attaching fabric to metal surfaces, other than doping in to place what could be used

A

Alternatively a thermoplastic adhesive may be used

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20
Q

What does drainage and ventilation provide for fabrics

A

Minimise corrosion of the structure and rotting of the fabric

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21
Q

What shape are drainage eyelets usually

A

Oval or circular

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22
Q

How are drainage eyelets applied to the structure

A

They are doped in to place, however they can also be sewn

23
Q

What is the purpose of shielded eyelets

A

Used in marine environments to prevent the entry of sea spray

They must not be used instead of regular eyelets

They must be facing the correct way

24
Q

What are the 3 methods of inspection panels which are used on wooden aircraft

A
  • Woods frame
  • Zip panels
  • Spring panels
25
Q

What are woods frames

A

A circular or square frame made of a celluloid sheet which are doped on to the fabric cover at required positions

26
Q

What is the biggest disadvantage of the woods frame

A

A new patch has to be doped on every time

27
Q

What are zip panels

A

Consist of two zip fasteners sewn in to the fabric in the form of a vee. They are used in areas where frequent inspection is required

28
Q

What are spring panels

A

Particularly suitable for light aircraft

29
Q

What method would be used to repair a fabric that has been damaged extensively

A

If the fabric is damaged extensively it should not be repaired and should be replaced

30
Q

When should the herringbone stitch be used

A

Should be used when repairing straight cuts or tears which have sound edges. After the stitching has been completed, 25mm wide serrated tape should be doped over the stitching

31
Q

What is the other method of fabric repair if the herringbone is not permitted to be used

A

Woods frame method

32
Q

What is darning

A

Irregular holes or jagged tears in fabric may be repaired by darning provided that the hole is no bigger than 50mm wide at any point

33
Q

What is used for damage over 100mm wide

A

Square insertion repairs are normally used

34
Q

What is a boot stitch

A

Used for repairs, requires a lock knot every 150mm (6 inches)

35
Q

What are the 2 portable fabric testers

A
  • Maule

- Seyboth

36
Q

What is the maule tester

A

If the tester has penetrated the fabric then the fabric has failed the test

37
Q

What is the seyboth tester

A

Always pierce the fabric

Colour scale

Make sure not on double width fabric

All holes must be doped closed

38
Q

What man made fabrics replace natural fabrics used on aircraft

A
  • Polyester fibre materials

- Glass fibre materials

39
Q

What is done to polyester fibre materials to apply them to structures

A

They are toughened by heat. (Usually and iron at 120°c)

40
Q

How is glass fibre applied to an aircraft

A

Can only be slightly toughened by dope so it must be a good initial fit

41
Q

What are the functions of dope

A
  • Toughening of natural fabrics
  • Waterproofing
  • Airproofing
  • Light proofing
42
Q

What are the 2 different types of dopes used

A
  • Cellulose nitrate

- Cellulose acetate butyrate

43
Q

Why is aluminium dope sometimes used

A

To protect the fabric from sunlight (UV)

44
Q

What is Methylethyl-Ketone (MEK) used for

A

It is a relatively low cost solvent, similar to acetone. It is widely used for a cleaning agent and to remove dirt or wax prior to doping

45
Q

What is normally added to the first layer of dope

A

A fungicide to prevent the growth of fungus

46
Q

What are the main hazards of dopes

A

Very flammable
Low flash point
Accumulation of vapours can ignite easily

47
Q

What is the most common cause of dope ignition

A

The discharge of static electricity

48
Q

What must be done to prevent the build up of static discharge when doping an aircraft

A

The aircraft should be grounded

49
Q

What is the bet way airflow is regulated when doping an aircraft

A

A fan should be installed at floor level and the fan should be explosion proof

50
Q

For applying dopes what temperature range is prime and shouldn’t really be exceeded

A

Between 21°c and 26°c

51
Q

What is the ideal humidity required when doping

A

Between 45-50% however anything from 20-70% is acceptable

52
Q

What is the most common way of measuring humidity

A

Wet bulb dry bulb method

53
Q

What are priming coats

A

The first coats applied to a fabric

M6 Mac (11 decks)

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