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M6 Mac > 6.2 Non Ferrous > Flashcards

6.2 Non Ferrous Flashcards

1
Q

Why is titanium used in the aircraft industry

A

High strength, light weight, temperature resistance and corrosion resistance

Weight is approx 56% that of steel but strength is the same

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2
Q

What components would be manufactured out of titanium

A

Cooler sections of gas turbine engines, cowlings and baffles around engines and skin parts which are susceptible to higher temperatures

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3
Q

What rules must the operator follow when machining titanium

A
  • Use low cutting speeds
  • High feed rates
  • Plenty of cutting fluid
  • Always use sharp tools
  • Never stop feeding while tools are still moving
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4
Q

What must always be on standby when machining titanium

A

A fire extinguisher as the dust can catch fire and titanium doesn’t dissipate heat well

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5
Q

What two precautions must be observed when working with titanium

A
  • At about 1950°f titanium will ignite in the presence of oxygen and burn with an incandescent flame
  • its affinity for nitrogen is even more pronounced because it will ignite at around 1500°f
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6
Q

Why are the characteristics of 99% pure cast aluminium

A
  • Highly corrosion resistant (due to non porous oxide coating that forms on its outer layer)
  • Extremely mailable
  • Light weight
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7
Q

Is cast aluminium suitable for use on aircraft

A

Not really it is too mailable

Has much better properties when alloyed with other metals

However it is used for aircraft wheels and crank cases

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8
Q

How is wrought or cast aluminium identified

A

By a 4 digit number (AA number)

Aluminium Association of America

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9
Q

Which aluminium are most susceptible to corrosion

A

2024 and 7075

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10
Q

How are aluminiums susceptible to corrosion protected

A

They are clad with pure aluminium with 1% zinc on both sides

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11
Q

What is the thickness of the protection cladding layers placed on aluminium for surface protection

A

3-5% of the materials thickness

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12
Q

When informations or specifications are printed on aluminium what does this also correspond to

A

It is printed in the same direction as the grain structure

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13
Q

What is work hardening

A

Also known as strain hardening or cold working. Strengthening metal by plastic deformation

Suitable for Pure aluminium, copper, low carbon steels

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14
Q

What is annealing

A

Heating an alloy to an elevated temperature, soaking them at this temperature and cooled slowly in still air or switched off furnace

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15
Q

What is solution heat treatment

A

Aluminium alloys are heated in either molten sodium or potassium nitrate bath or hot air furnace

Once the metal has been soaked sufficiently it is removed and quenched (no more than 10 seconds can elapse between taking out of the furnace and quenching)

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16
Q

After a metal has been solution heat treated how are they then hardened

A
  • Cold working
  • Natural age hardening
  • Artificial ageing or precipitation hardening
17
Q

What is natural age hardening

A

Will occur at room temperature, copper precipitates the grain boundaries and hardens over course of a few days

18
Q

What is artificial ageing or precipitation hardening

A

Temperature is raised to between 120°c and 190°c depending on alloying element

Raises final strength of the alloy

19
Q

How can age hardening be slowed down

A

By freezing the alloy immediately after the quenching process has occurred

20
Q

What are the most common heat treatable alloys which are naturally age hardened

A

2117, 2017 and 2024

21
Q

How many times can a clad material be eat treated

A

Normally 3

22
Q

What are the basic temper designations

F,O,H,W,T

A

F - As fabricated
O - Annealed
H - Strain hardened (non heat treatable products only)
W - Solution heat treated
T - Heat treated to produce stable tempers other than F,O or H

23
Q

Hat is T3, T4 and T6

A

T3 - solution heat treated and cold worked
T4 - solution heat treated and naturally aged
T6 - solution heat treated and artificially aged

24
Q

What is H1, H2, H3

A

H1 - Strain hardened with out thermal treatment
H2 - Strain hardened and partially annealed
H3 - Strain hardened and Stabilised by low temperature heating

25
Q

What are HX2, HX4, HX6, HX8, HX9

A 
HX2 - 1/4 hard
HX4 - 1/2 hard 
HX6 - 3/4 hard
HX8 - full hard 
HX9 - extra hard
26
Q

What are the disadvantages of magnesium

A
  • Highly susceptible to corrosion
  • Difficult to work with
  • Highly flammable
27
Q

What are the advantages of magnesium

A
  • High strength to weight ratio

- Non magnetic which makes it ideal for manufacturing instrument casings

28
Q

What must be done to pure magnesium to make it suitable for the construction of aircraft parts

A

Must be alloyed with other elements

29
Q

How can magnesium alloys be heat treated

A
  • Solution heat treated
  • Precipitation hardening
  • Annealing
30
Q

What is GLARE

A

Glass Reinforced Laminate

31
Q

What does GLARE consist of

A

Alternating layers of aluminium and glass fibre prepreg layers

32
Q

What is the autoclave curing cycle

A

The process of how a laminate is made

33
Q

How many grades of GLARE have been developed

A

6

34
Q

What is the thickness of aluminium used in GLARE

A

0.2-0.5mm

35
Q

What is the meaning of Glare 4b-4/3-0.4

A
  • A glare laminate with fibre orientation according to the Glare 4B definition in the glare table
  • 4 layers of aluminium and 3 fibreglass layers
  • An aluminium layer thickness of 0.4mm
36
Q

What are the properties of glare

A
  • High strength
  • Fatigue resistant
  • Damage tolerant
  • Impact and blast resistant
  • Fire resistant
  • Thermal isolation
37
Q

Where would glare be used

A
  • Fuselage skin material
  • The leading edges of wings
  • Specialised blast resistant containers
  • Cargo floors and liners

M6 Mac (11 decks)

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