6.3 Ethics in Sport Flashcards
1
Q
Define amateurism.
A
- Participation in sport for the love of it
- Receiving no financial gain
2
Q
What did the code of amateurism encourage?
A
- Encouraged socially acceptable behaviour in sport & was based on playing sport to clearly set rules
- These rules were put in place by middle & upper classes which then formed many NGBS
3
Q
What was the advantage of being wealthy in the 19th century in terms of sport?
A
- Plenty of free time
- Meant that the upper & middle classes could afford to play sport for the love of it rather than the monetary gain
4
Q
What topics/rules are included in the Olympic Oath?
A
- ‘Commiting ourselves to a sport without doping or drugs’
- ‘In the true spirit of sportsmanship’
5
Q
Give an example of a potential cheating scandal within the Olympics that didnt follow the Olympic Oath.
A
- Philip Hindes
- Claimed that he ‘fell’ off of his bike as part of a plan in London 2012
- Seconds into starting his race because he felt like he was losing as the race started
- In team sprint in cycling if you crash like this it’s considered a false start & race is restarted.
6
Q
Define ‘Sportsmanship’.
A
- Conforming to the rules, spirit & etiquette of a sport
7
Q
What ways are there that sportsmanship can be encouraged?
A
- Use of NGB campaigns promoting sportsmanship/fair play
- Giving of awards for fair play to encourage it in top level sport- providing positive role models for youngsters to follow
- Punish fould play & unsporting behaviour on field of play & within sporting event (e.g. booking/sending players off)
- Use of rigorous drug testing to try to ensure fairness in sporting contests & catch out drug cheats.
- Use of positive role models to promote sportsmanship & fair play
8
Q
Define ‘gamesmanship’.
A
- Bending the rules & stretching them to their absolute limit without getting caught.
- Using whatever dubious methods possible to achieve the desired result
9
Q
Give some examples of gamesmanship in elite-level modern day sport.
A
- Time wasting when ahead in a game to try to ensure victory
- Verbally ‘sledging’ an opponent to distract or upset them
- Psyching out an opponent at a pre match press conference
- Taking an injury time out/ toilet break or appealing a decison to an umpire, even when not necessarily needed
- Deliberate deception of an official to try to gain an advantage
10
Q
What is the win ethic?
A
- ‘Win at all costs’
- Where coming second is not viewed as an option & the outcome is all that matters
- Has sometimes also been called the ‘Lombardian ethic’
11
Q
How is the win ethic evident in modern day elite sport? Give some examples.
A
- No drawn games i.e there is always a winner
- Managers & coaches are fired is unsuccessful
- High amounts of devience e.g. violence, aggression, doping
- Media praise for winners; positive newspaper headlines
- Media negativity for losers
12
Q
What is positive deviance?
A
- Behaviour which is outside the norms of society but with no intent to harm or break the rules
- For example, a performer might over-train or try to compete in a sporting event despite being injured e.g. Paula Radcliffe
13
Q
What is negative deviance?
A
- Behaviour that goes against the norms & has a detremental effect on individuals & society in general
- Done on purpose
14
Q
Give some examples of negative deviance.
A
- Taking illegal performance enhancing drugs
- Deliberately fouling or harming an opponent through aggression or violent actions
- Accepting a bribe to lose; match fixing
- Driving to win a penalty or free kick
15
Q
What causes of player violence are there?
(WINNER)
A
- Win ethic & high rewards for success
- Importance of the event
- Nature of the sport
- National governing bodies are lenient with their punishments
- Excitement/ over- arousal
- Refereeing decisions leading to frustration
