6.3 Flashcards
what is a halogenoalkane
alkane with 1 or more halogen attached
what is primary halogenoalkane
halogen attached to carbon that is attached to 1 alkyl group
what is secondary halogenoalkane
Halogen that’s attached to carbon which is attached to 2 alkyl groups
what are tertiary halogenoalkanes
halogen tha’s attached to a carbon which is attached to 3 alkyl groups
what is the reactivity trend for halogens
as you go down the group the reactivity decreases
what type of reactivity are halogenoalkanes
they are polar as the carbon is bonded to a very electronegative halogen
what happens is hydrolysis reaction
Reaction where water or hydroxide replace an atom in a molecule with an -OH group
what happens when halogenoalkane reacts with water
the positive carbon reacts with negative oxygen in water which breaks the bond between the carbon and halogen and also seperates the the halogen from the rest of hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbon combines with OH & the halogen combines with left over H atom
what is formed during hydrolysis reaction
Alcohol
what happens to the rate of hydrolysis as you down the group
the rate/ speed of hydrolysis increase
why is this
This is because as you go down the group the halide gets bigger and leads to weaker bonds/bond strength
what is the experimental evidence for the rate of hydrolysis as you go down group 7
- Place chloro, iodo, bromoalkane is 3 test tubes
- Add silver nitrate solution + ethanol to each tube and time how long it takes for precipitate to form
what is the halogen that forms precipitate first & what is formed
Iodine forms a yellow precipitate first
what is the halogen that forms precipitate seconds & what is formed
Bromide forms a cream precipitate second
what is the 3rd halogen that forms a precipitate & what does it form
Chloride forms a white precipitate
