6.1 Flashcards
what is a hydrocarbon
A molecule containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms
What is displayed formula
Formula which shows every atom and every bond
What is structural formula
Shows unambigously how atoms are joined together
e.g CH3,CH2,CH3
What is skeletal Formula
shows all bonds between carbon atoms
what is molecular formula
Shows the actual number of atoms in each molecule
Empirical Formula
Shows the number of each atom in simplest whole number ratio
1st step of naming compounds
unbranched alkanes are named according to number of carbon atoms e.g meth, eth, prop, but
2nd step of naming compounds
Determine the principle chain by finding the chain/route with the most carbon atoms
3rd step of naming compounds
If 2 or more chains have same number of carbon atoms chose the principle chain as the one with the highest number of branches
4th step of naming compounds
Number the carbon atoms of the principle chain from 1 to end with carbon atom 1 being the carbon at the first branch
What is a structural isomer
compound with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.
3 types of structural formula
Chain
Position
Functional Group
what is chain isomer
molecule with diff carbon chain
what is functional group isomer
Structural isomer that differ by functional group
what is position isomer
molecule with the same functional group attached in different position
sterioisomerism
molecule with the same molecular + structural formula but diff spatial arrangement of atoms
geometricisomerism
type of sterioisomerism with diff arrangement of groups around c=c
cis(Z) isomer
isomer where the highest priority group at each end of c=care on same side
trans(E) isomer
isomer where the highest priority group at each end of c=care on different sides
how to find whether its E or Z
- Find RFM of both molecules on both sides of c=c
- The molecule with highest RFM is priority molecule
- If priority molecules line up on same side horizontally its Z
- If priority molecules line up diagonally its E
