6.2.4 - Carbon-carbon Bond Formation

Question 1

Haloalkane to nitrile
- Reagents
- Conditions
- Mechanism
- Example bromoethane or 1-bromopropane and NaCN

Answer 1

• Reagents : NaCN^- dissolved in ethanol
• Conditions : Heat under reflux as our chemicals are quite volatile and if we heated in an open beaker they would escape.
• Mechanism : Nucleophilic substitution

Question 2

Carbonyls to Hydroxynitrile’s
- Reagents
- Conditions
- Mechanism
- Example propanone

Answer 2

• Reagents : NaCN and H₂ SO₄
• Conditions : Room temp & Pressure
• Mechanism : Nucleophilic addition

Question 3

Nitriles to Amine’s
- Reagents
- Conditions
- Mechanism

Answer 3

• Reagents : H₂ and Ni catalyst
• Conditions : High temperatures and pressures
• Mechanism : Catalytic hydrogenation

Question 4

Hydroxynitrile’s to Amine’s
- Reagents
- Conditions
- Mechanism

Answer 4

• Reagents : H₂ and Ni catalyst
• Conditions : High temperatures and pressures
• Mechanism : Catalytic hydrogenation

Question 5

Nitriles to Carboxylic acids
- Reagents
- Conditions
- Mechanism

Answer 5

• Reagents : H₂ O and HCl
• Conditions : Heat under reflux
• Mechanism : Hydrolysis reaction

Question 6

Answer 6