6.2.3 - Polyesters and Polyamides Flashcards
How do you get from an Alkene to poly(alkene)
- This is an addition polymerisation.
- You have to open up the double bond (trailing bonds) and put brackets around
- Don’t forget to add an ‘n’ on the outside of the brackets.
Properties of poly(alkenes)
They are saturated monomers
- Usually non-polar
- Unreactive
- Don’t degrade well in landfill
What are the two types of condensation polymers
- Polyesters - ester linkage
- Polyamides - amide linkage
When does condensation polymerisation occur
- 2 different monomers
- With at least 2 functional groups ( a functional group on each end to ensure that they can continue reacting) : e.g. di-amine, di carboxylic acid, diol, diacyl chloride.
- Water (H2O) or HCL
Note on classification for condensation polymers
- If asked for type of polymer: It is polyamide or polyester
- Whereas type of polymerisation is condensation
What does :
- Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol→
- Acyl chloride + Alcohol→
- Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol→Ester + water
- Acyl chloride + Alcohol→ Ester + HCl
- Note : If they ask for repeat units put brackets around the whole structure and add ‘n’ also there would be two functional groups on the end of the compund e.g dicarboxylic acid + diol or diacyl dichloride + diol
What does :
- Carboxylic Acid + Amine→
- Acyl chloride + Amine→
- Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol→amide + water
- Acyl chloride + Alcohol→ amide + HCl
- Note : If they ask for repeat units put brackets around the whole structure and add ‘n’ also there would be two functional groups on the end of the compound e.g dicarboxylic acid + diamine or diacyl diamine + diol
Draw an Ester linkage
Draw an Amide linkage
How do we get the polyester or polyamide back in to the original monomer
Via hydrolysis to break the ester or amide link
How do we find a monomer from an addition polymer ?
Segregate the repeat unit and add the double between the two carbon
Show what happens if a dicarboxylic acid reacts with a a molecule that has an amine and alcohol group
