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OCR Chemistry > 6.2 NITROGEN COMPOUNDS,POLYMERS & SYNTHESIS > Flashcards

6.2 NITROGEN COMPOUNDS,POLYMERS & SYNTHESIS Flashcards

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1
Q

State what determines primary,secondary and tertiary name for amines

A
  • The number of alkyl chains/groups on the nitrogen
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2
Q

State the prefix for a secondary amine (e.g methyl propylamine)

A

N-methyl propylamine

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3
Q

State the prefix for a tertairy amine (e.g diethyl propylamine)

A

N,N-diethyl propylamine

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4
Q

Explain how amines are bases in terms of bronsted-lowry and lewis

A
  • The nitrogen atom has a lone pair of electrons which accept H⁺ protons
  • Therefore, amines are weak bases that react with dilute strong acids to form salts
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5
Q

Alkyl amine + acid –>

A

Alkylammonium salt

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6
Q

Reaction/conditions for amine with HCl (e.g ethylamine)

A
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7
Q

Reaction/conditions for amine with HNO3 (e.g dimethylamine)

A
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8
Q

Reaction/conditions for amine with H2SO4 (e.g propylamine)

A
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9
Q

Reaction/conditions for aromatic amine preperation

A
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10
Q

Explain why in the preperation of aromatic amines that strong NaOH/alkali is used afterwards.

A
  • To remove the excess HCl left by neutralising it
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11
Q

Reaction/conditions for the preperation of primary aliphatic amines (2 STEP)

A
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12
Q

State and explain the effect of using excess NH3 in primary aliphatic amine preperation

A
  • Excess ammonia can limit further substitution reaction
  • However, excess ammonia maximises the yeild of primary amine product (because its a reversible reaction)
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13
Q

Reaction/conditions for the preperation of secondary aliphatic amines

A
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14
Q

Reaction/conditions for the preperation of tertiary aliphatic amines

A
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15
Q

Draw the general strcuture of a α-amino acid

A

RCH(NH₂)COOH

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16
Q

Define zwitterion

A
  • The formation of an internal salt as both functional groups exchange a proton to reach an isoelectric point
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17
Q

Define isoelectric point

A
  • When there is no net electrical charge due to the zwitterion having an internal balance of charge
  • pH 6.5
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18
Q

Draw and explain the effect of low pH/acidic conditions on a zwitterion

A
19
Q

Draw and explain the effect of high pH/basic conditions on a zwitterion

A
20
Q

State the four reactions of an amino acids carboxyl group (COOH)

A
21
Q

State the reaction of an amino acids amine group (NH2)

A
22
Q

State what determines primary and secondary name for amides

A
  • The number of overall alkyl chains/groups attached to the amide group
23
Q

Define optical isomerism

A
  • Two non-superimposible mirror images about a chiral centre
24
Q

Draw the optical isomers of an amino acid

A
25
Q

State the four ways of extending the carbon chain length

A
26
Q

Reaction/conditions/mechanism for haloalkanes with KCN

A
27
Q

Reaction/conditions/mechanism for carbonyl compounds with NaCN

A
28
Q

Reaction/conditions/mechanism for freidel-crafts alkylation

A
29
Q

Reaction/conditions/mechanism for freidel-crafts acylation

A
30
Q

State the two reactions of nitriles

A
31
Q

Reaction/conditions for the reduction of nitriles

A
32
Q

Reaction/conditions for the hydrolysis of nitriles

A
33
Q

Define condensation polymerisation

A
  • When two monomers with different functional groups react to form a polymer and water
34
Q

State the two di-monomer ways of forming poly(esters)

A

1) Dicarboxylic acid + diol ⇌ poly(ester) + water (low yeild, requires H2SO4 catalyst)
2) Diacyl chloride + diol → poly(ester) + HCl (corrosive fumes)

35
Q

State the two di-monomer ways of forming poly(amides)

A

1) Dicarboxylic acid + diamine ⇌ poly(amide) + water (low yeild, requires H2SO4 catalyst)
2) Diacyl chloride + diamine → poly(amide) + HCl (corrosive fumes)

36
Q

Explain why in the formation of poly(esters) and poly(amides), diacyl chlorides are chosen over dicarboxylic acids

A

1) Dicarboxylic acids require the strong acid catalyst H2SO4
2) Dicarboxylic acids produce a low yeild of polymer because its a reversible reaction

37
Q

Draw the two structural formations of poly(esters)

A
38
Q

Explain why poly(esters) are biodegradeable

A
  • Their ester group/link can be hydrolysed
39
Q

Draw the two structural formations of poly(amides)

A
40
Q

Draw the acid-base hydrolysis of poly(esters)

A
41
Q

Draw the acid-base hydrolysis of poly(amides)

A
42
Q

State the two methods of purifying an organic solid

A

1) Filtration under reduced pressure
2) Re-crystallisation

43
Q

State the method used to measure purity

A
  • Measuring melting points
44
Q

State what

A

OCR Chemistry (13 decks)

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