6.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

components of blood

A
  1. Plasma (dissolves or carries all other components of blood, nutrients, wastes)
  2. Red blood cells (transport oxygen in hemoglobin molecules)
  3. Leukocytes (phagocytes and lymphocytes)
  4. Platelets (blood clotting)
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2
Q

describe the artery (red)

A
  1. 3 layers (tunica externa, media, interna)
  2. Able to stretch
  3. thick, muscular
  4. carries blood away from the heart
  5. larger than 10mm
  6. Abundant muscle and elastic fibers in wall
  7. Dont need valves since pressure of blood from heart is large enough to make flow unidirectional
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3
Q

Describe Capillary

A
  1. 1 layer (tunica intima)
  2. very thin wall (one cell thick)
  3. Around 10mm
  4. No muscle and elastic fibres in wall
  5. site of gas exchange with tissue cells
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4
Q

Vein (Blue)

A
  1. Carries blood towards the heart
  2. much larger than 10mm
  3. Thin wall, wide lumen
  4. 3 layers (tunica externa, media, intima)
  5. Small amounts of muscle and elastic fibres in wall
  6. Valves in veins
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5
Q

Does each ventricle in the heart have valves

A

yes

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6
Q

what is coronary heart disease

A

coronary arteries are blocked with fat. Can treat by inserting a stent to expand artery

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7
Q

Describe the movement of blood in the heart

A

blood returning from body (not lungs) enters into right atrium via superior vena cava (deoxy). Blood goes from R.A then R.V then leaves pulmonary artery to lungs (where it is oxy). Blood returns to pulmonary vein, goes to L.A, then L.V, then aorta, where it is pumped around the body

body to lungs (deoxy to oxy)
lungs to body (oxy to deoxy)

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8
Q

Name the 4 valves of the heart

A
Tricuspid valve (valve connecting R.A and R.V)
Bicuspid Valve (valve connecting L.A and L.V)
Pulmonary valve (valve at bottom of pulmonary artery)
Aortic Valve (valve at bottom of Aorta)
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9
Q

Describe the Sinoatrial Node

A

The Sinoatrial node is the pacemaker and it sends out an electrical impulse causing atria to contract.

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10
Q

Describe the Atrioventricular Node

A

The AV sends out an electrical impulse causing the ventricles to contract. AV sends a signal via the bundle of His to Purkinje Fibres

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11
Q

Where is the electrical impulse of SA and AV sent from

A

The medulla oblongotta

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12
Q

what is noradrenaline

A

the neurotransmitter that speeds up the myocardial contraction

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13
Q

what is acetylcholin

A

a neurotransmitter that decreases the rate of myocardial contraction

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14
Q

what happens during systole

A

contraction of ventricles, blood pushed out heart, blood pressure increased, bicuspid and tricuspid valves shut creating “dum”

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15
Q

what happens during diastole

A

heart is relaxed, blood in all 4 chambers, bicuspid and tricuspid valves open, pressure decrease, semilunar valves closed creating second “dum”

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16
Q

difference between semilunar valves and atrioventricular valves

A

Semilunar valves: pulmonary valve and aortic valve

Atrioventricular valve: bicuspid and tricuspid valve

17
Q

what is blood pressure

A

The measure of systolic and diastolic pressure of blood in the wall of arteries

18
Q

Achievements of William Harvey

A

Blood flow is unidirectional. Suggested blood returns back to the heart through veins instead of being consumed by the body. Predicted presence of capillaries. overturned theory developed by Galen

19
Q

what is arteriosclerosis, what are its causes, and consequences

A

developement of fatty tissue (atheroma) in arteries. Caused by high concen. LDL cholesterol, high blood-glucose levels (obesity, over-eating), high b.p., onsumption of trans-fat. Consequences: angina, heart attack (coronary arteries), stroke (brain arteries), kidney disease (renal arteries), aortic aneurysm (aorta)