6.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the need of enzymes in digestion

A

speed reactions by lowering activation energy

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2
Q

digestive enzymes for amylase (4)

A

Substrate: starch
Product: maltose
source: mouth
pH: 7-7.8

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3
Q

digestive enzymes for protease (4)

A

Substrate: polypetides
Product: amino acids
source: duodenum
pH: 8

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4
Q

Digestive enzymes for lipase

A

Substrate: triglycerides

product: fatty acids and glycerol
source: pancreas
ph: 7.2-7.5

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5
Q

Digestion route

A
  1. Mouth (salivary amylase begins chemical digestion of starch
  2. Esophagus (wave of muscle contractions pushes bolus into stomach)
  3. Stomach (continue mechanical digestion, acid kills bacteria, pepsin begins digestion of proteins)
  4. Duodenum (bile from liver and gall bladder neutralises acids and emulsifies fats. Pancrease amylase and lipase digest carbs and fats, Trypsin digests polypeptides and amino acids)
  5. Illeum (absorbs nutrients into blood via villi)
  6. Large intestine (water is reclaimed and returned to blood leaving semi-solid feces. Stored in rectum)
  7. Egestion (feaces of undigested food, dead cells and other waste is forced out anus)
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6
Q

Absorption meaning

A

uptake of broken-down food molecules into the blood

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7
Q

Assimilation meaning

A

absorption of broken-down food molecules into cells

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8
Q

purpose of villi and microvilli

A

increase surface area due to all the folds which will increase absorption. On each villi there are epithelial cells which have microvilli that increase absorption even more

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9
Q

wall of small intestine from outer layer to inner layer

A

serosa, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, submucosa, mucosa

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10
Q

what is absorbed by villi

A

monosaccharides glucose, fructose, galactose, amino acids, fatty acids, monoglycerides, glycerol, nucleotide bases

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11
Q

describe endocrine glands

A

secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts, Eg: Thymus gland responsible for the production of T cells

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12
Q

Describe exocrine cells

A

Secrete hormones through ducts. Eg: sweat glands, salivary glands)

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13
Q

purpose of liver

A

regulate chemical levels in blood and create bile which breaks down fatty acids. Bile is stored in gall bladder

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14
Q

Purpose of Pancreas

A

make pancreatic juice full of enzymes, high pH, enzymes break down sugars, fats, and starches, also can make hormones

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