6.2 Flashcards
suggest two purposes of plant collection in a modern botanic garden
-to protect rare species
-gene bank OR genetic resource/ store of alleles
-teaching/ education
-leisure/ amenity value/ aesthetic value
what is the role of PCR in sequencing a genome
-PCR amplifies DNA
-a range of different lengths of DNA- (chain terminating nucleotides)
what is the role of electrophoresis in sequencing a genome
-puts DNA pieces in size order
-to read base sequence/ order of basews
what is the role of digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes in sequencing a genome
-to cut (genome DNA) into smaller fragments
-to cut vectors/ plasmids
suggest why a genome has to be fragmented before sequencing
- genome too big/ very large- would take too long
-accuracy/ fewer errors with smaller fragments
-divide job over time/ different labs
what are the benefits of genetically modified rice which have an increased vitamin A content
-reduces vitamin A deficiency
-reduce eye problems/ blindness
what are the ethical concerns of genetically modified rice which have an increased vitamin A content
-reduces genetic diversity/ variation
-clone may suffer from one disease/ environmental change
-spread of genes to other wild populations
-seeds expensive/ need to be brought every year
-rice does not grow in all areas where needed
-doubts whether vitamin A content is sufficient
-antibiotic gene transfer to pathogenic bacteria
-unknown effects/ cause mutation
what are the benefits of somatic gene therapy (genetically modified organism)
-cure/ reduce symptoms/ better Qol/ less medication
-cystic fibrosis/ Parkinson’s/ thalassaemia
-extend lifespan/ save lives
what are the ethical considerations of somatic gene therapy (genetically modified organism)
-virus vector may cause viral disease
-procedure may be invasive/ painful/ stressful
-temporary/ needs to be repeated/ limited success
-immune system/ rejection/ problems
-animal testing concerns
-antibiotic gene transfer to pathogenic bacteria
-unknown effects/ cause mutation
