6.1flashcards

Question 1

Evidence for the delocalised electron structure

Answer 1

• X-ray diffraction evidence for bond length
• hydrogenation less exothermic
  -undergoes substitution not addition like ethene

Question 2

Br and benzene

Answer 2

-AlCL3 used or FeBr3
-febr4- formed + Br+( electrophiles= positive charge)
-Febr4- and H+= Hbr and feBR3 to reform the catalyst

Question 3

Alkylation

Answer 3

-haloalkane and a halogen carrier

Question 4

Acylation

Answer 4

• Acyl chloride used

Question 5

Nitration of benzene

Answer 5

• HNO3 + H2SO4
  -H2S04=N02+ + H20
  -keep below 55 degrees for nitration

Question 6

Electron donating

Answer 6

-OH and NH2

Question 7

Electron withdrawing

Answer 7

• N02

Question 8

Phenol and bromine

Answer 8

• decolorisation

Question 9

Phenol and nitric acid

Answer 9

• 2-nitrophenol or 4-nitrophenol

Question 10

Phenol and NaOH

Answer 10

-sodium phenoxide and water

Question 11

Reduction of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 11

• Nabr4

Question 12

Hydrogen cyanide

Answer 12

• forms a hydroxynitrile
• two hydrogen used because intermediate if formed

Question 13

Carboxylic acid naming

Answer 13

• and -oic acid to the name of the longest alkane chain

Question 14

Carboxylic acid and metals

Answer 14

• salt and hydrogen gas

Question 15

Carboxylic acid and carbonate

Answer 15

• salt,carbon dioxide and water

Question 16

Carboxylic acids and bases

Answer 16

• salt and water

Question 17

Acyl chlorides

Answer 17

• oH group on the Carboxylic acid is replaced by Cl
  Functional group= -COCl
• made by reaction with SOCL2

Question 18

Acyl chloride and water

Answer 18

• Carboxylic acid and HCL

Question 19

Acyl chloride and ammonia

Answer 19

-primary amide and HCL

Question 20

Acyl chloride and alcohol

Answer 20

• ester and HCL

Question 21

Acyl chloride and amines

Answer 21

-secondary amide and HCL

Question 22

Naming Ester

Answer 22

• alcohol first. A is the first letter in the alphabet and add make it a alkyl group
• name the Carboxylic acid put replace -oic acid with -oate.
  E.g. ethyl ethanoate

Question 23

Making esters

Answer 23

• Alcohol and Carboxylic acid= ester and water
• acid catalyst used e.g. H2SO4

-alcohol and acid anhydrides = the R group goes to one of the Carboxylic acids forming an ester and the OH group goes to the other forming an alcohol

• from alcohol and Acyl chlorides = water and HCL

Question 24

Hydrolysis

Answer 24

• acid hydrolysis e.g. *
  + H20= Carboxylic acid and alcohol
• base hydrolysis= carboxylate salt and alcohol