6.13 MANAGE POTABLE WATER SURVEILLANCE Flashcards
COAMING
A raised frame (as around a hatchway in the deck of a ship) to keep out water.
Distillation
The total process the distilling plant forms, including evaporation and condensation
FAC
Free Available Chlorine
Free Available Chlorine (FAC)
Chlorine available (after demand is met) in the forms of Hypochlorous acid and Hypochlorite ions
Micron
A unit of length. One millionth of a meter
POU
Point of Use
Point of Use (POU)
A treatment device applied to a single tap used for the purpose of
reducing contaminants in drinking water at that tap.
Potable Water
Water that is suitable for human consumption, bathing, laundry, personal hygiene
RO
Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
The reverse of the natural osmosis achieved by external application of sufficient reverse pressure to cause the solvent to flow in its unnatural direction.
Colilert / Colisure
Test used to detect total coliform and E-coli in the potable water
Total Coliform
Are a group of closely related, mostly harmless bacteria that live in soil and water as well as the guts of animals. The extent to which total coliforms are present in the source water can indicate the general quality of that water and the likelihood that the water is contaminated with fecal matter. The presence Or absence of total coliform bacteria is the drinking water standard
E. Coli
A type of fecal coliform bacteria commonly found in the intestines of
animals and humans. E. coli is short for Escherichia coli. The presence of E. coli in water is a strong indication of recent sewage or animal waste contamination. Sewage may contain many types of disease-causing organisms.
Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEASYSCOM) responsibilities
responsible for the shipboard potable water systems, including treatment facilities and processes to assure that safe drinking water is available at all times.
(a) Design
(b) Construction
(c) Maintenance
Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM) responsibilities
responsible for promulgating instructions for ship-to-shore potable water connections and for providing potable water from an approved source when the ship is berthed at a naval facility.
Area, Fleet and subordinate commanders responsibilities
Responsible for issuing the necessary implementing directives to ensure that adequate water sanitation standards are provided and enforced in each ship within the command.
Commanding Officers responsibilities
responsible for promulgating a water sanitation bill to
ensure that procedures for receipt, transfer, treatment, storage, distribution, and surveillance are provided and followed.
Engineering Department responsibilities
responsible to the commanding officer for
implementing the requirements of the NAVSEASYSCOM.
(1) Supply and treatment of Potable water
(2) Potable water system components that:
(a) Receive
(b) Store
(c) Distribute
(d) Produce
(e) Treat
(3) Ensure that all ship-to-shore and ship-to-ship connections are made only by authorized personnel, when available, or in their absence, ship personnel who are properly supervised by authorized personnel.
(4) Halogen and pH testing
(5) Ensure minimum halogen residuals are maintained at a potable water tank before placing the tank on-line to the potable water distribution system.
minimum usage requirements new ship construction
50 gallons per man per day is specified by
NAVSEASYSCOM for design considerations.
(1) Does not apply to “Water Hours”.
a) Not less than 2 gallons per man per day.
b) Particularly applicable to troop-carrying ships loaded beyond their water- producing capacity.
c) Sea water is used for marine sanitation device systems.
approved sources of potable water for Naval ships
(1) Distillation, Reverse Osmosis (RO), or other NAVSEA approved water production technology.
(a) Ship water treatment plants are capable of producing potable water from bacteriologically contaminated seawater.
(b) Potable water must be adequately disinfected to maintain the required halogen residual level in the potable water tanks and distribution system.
(c) Avoid making water while operating in:
1) Harbors or from polluted seawater.
2) When ships are operated in close formation.
3) When stripping or discharging waste or bilge water forward of the saltwater intakes.
(2) Shore-to Ship delivery from an approved source
a) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (state and territory) approved public water system.
(b) U.S Military sources including establishments under the cognizance of:
1) British Royal Navy
2) Canadian Forces
3) Royal Australian Navy
4) Other OCONUS locations may be obtained from U.S. Military representatives ashore or Navy Environmental Preventive Medicine Units (NEPMU) having area responsibility.
(3) Shore-to-Ship delivery from an unapproved source
(a) Allowed to be received onboard if the water has been treated at a minimum of 2.0 ppm prior to receipt
(4) Ship-to-Ship
what is used aboard ships such as in the fire mains, decontamination, and for marine sanitation devices (MSDs) flushing.
Seawater
Types of Water Production Plants
(1) Distillation Plants
2) Reverse Osmosis (RO
Distillation Plants
three general types, depending on the source of heat
used to evaporate seawater.
(1) Steam Distilling Plants
(2) Waste Heat Distilling Plant
(3) Vapor Compression Type
Steam Distilling Plants
uses steam supplied by power plant or auxiliary boiler
Waste Heat Distilling Plant
uses heat derived from Diesel Engine jacket water.
Vapor Compression Type
uses Electrical Energy
water production plant: Reverse Osmosis (RO)
(1) Single or triple pass
(2) Removes suspended particles as small as 1 micron in some cases.
(3) Through a high-pressure pump, the filtered water is boosted up in pressure to
as much as 1000 psi where it is introduced into the RO membranes. A portion of the filtered water, typically 20-25 percent, permeates through the membrane to become fresh water.
(4) For single pass RO plants, additional disinfection such as chlorination or bromination is required.
(5) For triple pass RO plants (usually in submarine), additional disinfection
is not required. The water quality in often better than distilled water.
Shipboard Water System Components
(1) Potable Water Tanks
(2) Vents and Overflows lines
(3) Manholes
(4) Water Level Measurement
(5) Filling Lines
(6) Piping
Potable Water Tanks
(a) Necessary for maximizing space utilization
(b) Requires careful monitoring to prevent contamination
(c) Potable water tanks should never be filled with ballast water
1) Unless necessary for survival of ship
(d) Potable Water tank coating
1) NSF/ANSI standard
Vents and Overflows lines
(a) Located to reduce accidental contamination
(b) Openings screened with 18 gauge or finer, non-corrosive mesh
(c) Unauthorized termination points:
1) Food Service Spaces
2) Medical Spaces
3) Toilets
4) Electrical or electronic rooms
5) Exterior of the ship
Manholes
(a) Construction and location should minimize the possibility of contamination.
(b) If top of tank is also a deck
1) 1/2” curb or coaming above deck
(c) If on side of tank
1) Flush mount okay
Water Level Measurement
(1) Automatic level gauges
a) Direct read gauge
(2) Petcocks
a) Valves at various intervals
(3) Sounding tubes
a) Some carry a measuring rod
1) Sounding rods will remain in the sounding tubes
b) Others require a steel tape that requires disinfection prior to use.
1) 100 ppm FAC for 2 minutes
c) Must be labeled “POTABLE WATER USE ONLY”
Filling Lines
a) Filling Connections (hose valve, Risers)
1) Clearly labeled
2) Color coded Dark blue
3) 18 inches from the deck
4) Turned facing downward
5) Screw caps with keeper chains
(b) Potable water lines/piping must never be cross connected to any non-potable
piping or system.
(c) Potable water filling lines which distribute potable water to non-potable water
tanks must have an air gap or approved and appropriate backflow prevention device
Piping
(a) Potable water piping passing through non-potable water tanks must have
the pipe surrounded by a sloped self-draining pipe tunnel
(b) Potable hot water settings should be set so the temperature at the fixture
is 120 degrees F at the water tap.
Sanitary Requirements Potable Water Hose Lockers
(a) Vermin proof
(b) Locked
(c) 18 inches off the deck (When located on weather decks and sponsons).
(d) Printed, step by step instructions for disinfection of hoses and risers
posted conspicuously inside the locker.
Sanitary Requirements Potable water Hose
(a) Approved for potable water use.
(b) Examined routinely.
(c) Removed from use when cracks develop in the lining or leaks occur.
(d) Capped or coupled and stored in hose locker when not in use.
(e) Shall not be used for any other purpose.
labeling requirements for potable water hoses
(1) Clearly labeled : “POTABLE WATER ONLY” with 1 inch high letters
every 10 feet
(2) Couplings color-coded dark blue.
labeling requirements for potable water valves for receiving or supplying
(1) Clearly labeled with warning plate “POTABLE WATER ONLY” in 1/4
inch high letters.
(2) Valves or valve handles must be color-coded dark blue.
labeling requirements for potable water sounding tubes
(1) Clearly labeled with ID plate
(2) Sounding tube cap will be color-coded dark blue
labeling requirements for potable water potable water hose lockers
Labeled “POTABLE WATER HOSE”
