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GI Final Information > 610 Final GI > Flashcards

610 Final GI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main parts of the stomach?

A

Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pyloric portion

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2
Q

What are the four layers of the stomach?

A

Serosa, Musculares, Submucosa(holding layer),mucosa(blood supply)

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3
Q

How do you know there is a stomach problem?

A

Frank blood in vomit, bile, coffee ground appearance of blood.

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4
Q

What is the only layer of the stomach that can be biopsied?

A

Mucosa

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5
Q

What are some of the common bloodwokm abnormalities with FB?

A

Dehydration, hemoconcentration, hypochloremia, metabolic alkalosis, inflammatory leukogram.

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6
Q

What causes the metabolic alkalosis in a FB?

A

The Cl- loss causes the bicarb to go up.

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7
Q

What is the procedure to remove a Gastric FB called?

A

Gastrotomy

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8
Q

What type of closure is needed in gastric surgery?

A

Two layer closure use a simple continuous then an inverting pattern.

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9
Q

What are the three primary pyloric outflow obstructions?

A

Pyloric stenosis
Hypertrophic gastropathies
Gastric motility disorders

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10
Q

What is pyloric stenosis and what breeds?

A

Brachycephalic’s, hypertrophy os muscular layer

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11
Q

What is a pyloric stenosis repair called?

A

Pyloromyotomy

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12
Q

When is a Heineken Mikulicz procedure indicated?

A

Pyloric muscular hypertrophy without significant mucosal hypertrophy

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13
Q

When is a Y-U pyloroplasty indicated?

A

Indicated in cases of mucosal hypertrophy

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14
Q

What is the most common hypertrophic gastropathy? what do you see? How do you treat?

A

Chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy, see mucosal hypertrophy. Y-U pyloroplasty

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15
Q

What is the surgical name for a gastroduodenostomy?

A

Billroth 1, end to end astomosis

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16
Q

What is the surgical name for a gastrojejunostomy?

A

Billroth 2, end to side anastomosis

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17
Q

What is the most common stomach cancer in dogs?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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18
Q

What is the most common stomach cancer in cats?

A

Lymphoma

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19
Q

In red nose what are the clinical signs?

A

Upper respiratory, dry crusty nose

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20
Q

What is the etiology of papillomas? Should you treat them?

A

Normally viral and self limiting so you should leave them.

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21
Q

What are some of the treatments for warts in cattle?

A

Surgical, crushing, cryosurgery, autogenous vaccines.

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22
Q

Where are some other sites for warts in ruminants?

A

head,neck, prepuce

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23
Q

What are the clinical signs for Contagious Ecthyma(ORF) What should you remember about this virus?

A

Small ruminant, sore mouth with acute pustular lesions, it is a zoonotic epitheliotropic pox virus.

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24
Q

What are the clinical signs for papular stomatitis?

A

papules on palate, tongue or lips, often crusty with roughened edges. Most are asymptomatic and go undiagnosed.

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25
Q

What should be your response to any lesion you see in the oral cavity?

A

Report it

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26
Q

Blue tongue?

A

Primary dz in sheep, arthropod vector, also see in Whitetail deer as EHD and starting to see in cattle without signs.

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27
Q

What are the clinical signs for BTV?

A

mucosal and skin lesions, salivation, burn appearance with photosensitization.

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28
Q

What are the signs for VSV?

A

salivation, lameness, lesions. Horses with severe infections.

29
Q

What is the difference in horse with VSV and FMD?

A

FMD does not affect horses

30
Q

What is the predominate vector for VSV?

A

sandflies, black flies also direct contact with contaminated objects and infected animals.

31
Q

Is there a human transmission component to VSV?

A

Yes

32
Q

How much of liver function has to be bad to see impaired function?

A

80%

33
Q

Can you have hepatic disease in horses without hepatic failure?

A

Yes

34
Q

What are some signs of hepatic infufficeniency?

A

Icterus, Weight loss, anorexia, depression, pyrexia, hypoglycemia, coagulation problems.

35
Q

Can icterus be in normal in horses?

A

10-15% can normally have

36
Q

What causes icterus?

A

Hyperbilirubinemia , increases in conjugated and unconjugated

37
Q

What is hepatic encephalopathy associated with?

A

hyperammonemia

38
Q

In horses what are the liver specific test?

A

SDH,GLDH, GGT

39
Q

What are the test of liver function in horses?

A

Bile Acids

40
Q

What are the most useful diagnostic profiles for equine liver dz?

A

GLDH, GGT, Total and direct bilirubin, bile acids and liver US and biopsy.

41
Q

What causes equine hyperlipidemia?

A

increased triglyceride concentration.

42
Q

What are the two main hormones in normal energy metabolism?

A

hormone sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase

43
Q

What kind of plants cause chronic megalocytic hepatopathy?

A

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plants.

44
Q

What is EGUS?

A

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome

45
Q

What do squamous mucosal lesions in horses result from?

A

increased acid(Hal, bile acids, organic acids)

46
Q

What do glandular mucosal lesions result from?

A

impaired mucosal protection and blood flow which may be related to NSAIDs.

47
Q

What is another name for Colibacillosis in pigs?

A

ETEC, White Sours, wet tail scours

48
Q

What is the etiology of Colibacillosis?

A

Pili attach to enterocytes, K88=GENETIC

49
Q

What are some signs of colibacillosis?

A

diarrhea and septicemia in pigs less than 4 days of age.

50
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Colibacillosis?

A

E.coli attach, toxin secretion of fluid into SI, acidosis, dehydration, death

51
Q

What is the treatment for colibacillosis?

A

ahminoglycosides (gentacin)

52
Q

What is the best control for colibacillosis?

A

Vaccination and colostrum.

53
Q

What is TGE(Transmissible Gastroenteritis)

A

Highly infectious viral disease coronavirus

54
Q

What are the clinical signs of epizootic TGE?

A

100% morbidity,profuse watery diarrhea , milk curds, vomitting , incubation 1-2 days

55
Q

What are the clinical signs of enzootic TGE?

A

Signs variable but usually in weaned pigs.

56
Q

What are the biggest signs of TGE in a herd?

A

Everything is sick with no treatment response

57
Q

What family does Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus belong to?

A

Corona virus family

58
Q

What are the clinical signs for PEDv

A

diarrhea, vommiting all pigs on farm

59
Q

What is the treatment for PEDV?

A

Euthanasia and feed back

60
Q

What is the etiology of Coccidiosis?

A

Isospora suis

61
Q

What is the epidemiology of coccidiosis?

A

Oocysts in piglet environment, NOT THE SOW

62
Q

What are the clinical signs of coccidiosis?

A

4.5-5 days old, diarrhea, rough coat, gaunt

63
Q

What is clostridial enteritis?

A

Necrotic, hemorrhagic enteritis in pigs

64
Q

What is the etiology of clostridial enteritis?

A

Clostridium perfrigenes Type C

65
Q

What are the clinical signs of C. perf?

A

parachute, death

66
Q

What is the treatment for clostridial enteritis?

A

PPG, Antitoxin

67
Q

What is the antibiotic you should give sows to prevent clostridial enteritis?

A

BMD

68
Q

What should you necropsy for clostridial enteritis?

A

Fresh, untreated pigs

69
Q

What does C.perf A come from?

A

The sows

GI Final Information (3 decks)

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