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6 White Blood Cell disorders > 6.1 Leukopenia+Leukocytosis > Flashcards

6.1 Leukopenia+Leukocytosis Flashcards

1
Q

Monocytosis

-causes include (3)

A
  1. infection (inflammation)
  2. autoimmune (inflammation)
  3. malignancy
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2
Q

Neutropenia:

-what drugs can you use to tx?

A
  • GM-CSF and G-CSF
  • granulocyte/monocyte colony stimulating factor, to boost granulocyte production
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3
Q

Lymphopenia

-causes include? (4)

A
  1. Immunodeficiency (eg DiGeorge, HIV)
  2. High cortisol state (eg Cushing’s)
  3. Autoimmune (eg SLE)
  4. whole-body radiation
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3
Q

Infectious mononucleosis:

-the CD8 T cell response causes what things? (3)

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy (T cell hyperplasia in lymph node paracortex)
  2. Splenomegaly (T cell hyperplasia of PALS-periarterial lymphatic sheath)
  3. Atypical CD8 lymphocytes (look like monocytes)
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4
Q

How does DiGeorge syndrome affect blood cell count?

A

Causes lymphopenia.

-no development of 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouches means thymic aplasia, so no T cells can mature. Loss of T cell lymphocytes.

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5
Q

Infectious mononucleosis:

-EBV usually infects what in the body? (3 things)

A
  1. pharyngitis
  2. Liver–hepatitis, hepatomegaly
  3. B cells
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6
Q

How does pertussis infection affect lymphocytes, and how?

A
  • increases lymphocytes in the blood (lymphocytic leukocytosis)
  • bacteria produces lympocytosis-promoting factor, which blocks lymphocytes from leaving the blood to enter lymph nodes
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6
Q

Where does T cell hyperplasia occur:

  • in lymph node?
  • in spleen?
A
  • lymph node–occurs in paracortex. (B cells are in cortex)
  • spleen–occurs in PALS (periarterial lymphatic sheath), inside central white pulp
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7
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

-causes (2)

A
  1. EBV
  2. CMV (less common)
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8
Q

basophilia

-classic cause

A

-CML–chronic myeloid leukemia

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9
Q

SLE:

how can this affect blood cell count?

A
  • can cause leukopenia, anemia
  • SLE can create Ab to WBCs, RBCs, platelets
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9
Q

Infectious mononucleosis:

-complications (3)

A
  1. Splenic rupture (no contact sports for at least 1 month)
  2. Rash if exposed to penicillin
  3. EBV dormancy in B cells leads to complications: increased risk for 1) mono recurrence, 2) B cell lymphoma
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10
Q

eosinophilia

-causes include (3)

A
  1. allegic reactions
  2. parasitic infections
  3. Hodgkin lymphoma (from increased IL5 production)
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12
Q

Neutropenia:

-causes include? (2)

A
  1. Drug toxicity (chemotherapy)
    - eg akylating agents damage stem cells
  2. Severe infection (eg sepsis)
    - increased movement of neutrophils out of blood and into tissues
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13
Q

Neutrophilic leukocytosis

-causes (3)

A
  1. Bacterial infection
  2. Tissue necrosis
    - releases marginal pool and stimulate bone marrow to make immature neutrophils (decreased CD16)
  3. high steroid use
    - impairs leukocyte adhesion, so releases marginal pool
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15
Q

How does Hodgkin lymphoma affect eosinophils, and how?

A
  • increases eosinophils
  • through production of IL-5
16
Q

Tests for EBV mononucleosis, and their mechs:

  • screening test
  • confirmation test
A
  1. monospot test–tests for IgM Ab against horse/sheep RBCs (heterophile Ab), takes 1 week
  2. Serologic testing for EBV viral capsid antigen
17
Q

You see patient with infectious mononucleosis, but no sign of EBV. Suspect what?

A

-suspect CMV

18
Q

lymphocytic leukocytosis

-causes include: (2)

A
  1. Viral infections–increase CD8 T cell count
  2. Pertussis infection (produces lymphocytosis-promoting factor, which blocks lymphocytes from leaving the blood to enter lymph nodes)
20
Q

What happens to WBC count immediately after steroids are given?

A

-WBC count increases b/c steroids inhibit neutrophil adhesion to vessel walls. (release them from marginal pool)

21
Q

Normal WBC count

A

5-10 K/microliter

22
Q

what characterizes immature neutrophils, and when are they made?

A
  • decreased CD16 (Fc receptor for binding to Ab for phagocytosis)
  • you see these in the blood when neutrophil release is stimulated (by bacterial infection and tissue necrosis)
23
Q

Leukopenia

  • what WBC count defines this
  • what are 2 categories?
A

1.

  1. Neutropenia, Lymphopenia
24
Q

How is CML unique in affecting WBC levels?

A

-it is the classic cause for basophilia

6 White Blood Cell disorders (6 decks)

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