Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

REPRO > 6.1 Infections > Flashcards

6.1 Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Give 2 sources of epidemiological data for genital infections and STIs

A

Genitourinary medicine clinica
(Underestimation as patients may present via other settings)

Communicable disease surveillance centres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give at rid groups of STIs

A 
Young people
Minority ethnic groups
Poverty and social exclusion
Low socio-economic status groups
Poor educational opportunities
Unemployed people
Individuals born to teenage mother
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What morbidity is associated with STIs?

A 
PID
Impaired fertility
Repro cancers
Risk of infection with BBVs HBV/HIV
Congenital infection of neonate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Differential diagnosis for genital skin and mucous membrane lesions.

A 
•	Genital ulcers
o	Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
o	Syphilis
o	Chanchroid
•	Vesicles or bullae
o	HSV
•	Genital papules
o	Transient manifestations of STIs
•	Anogenital warts
o	Number, size, tenderness, base, edge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differential diagnosis and symptoms of urethritis.

A

Discharge, dysuria and frequency

  • Gonococcal urethritis
  • Chlamydial urethritis
  • Non-specific urethritis
  • Post-gonococcal urethritis
  • Non-infectious urethritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Differential diagnosis of vulvo-vaginitis

A

o Candidiasis, trichomoniasis, staphylococcal, foreign body, HSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Differential diagnosis of cervicitis

A

o C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, HSV, HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Differential diagnoses of pelvis infections

A

• Pregnancy-related
o Post-partum endometriosis
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe recent trends in incidence of STIs. Explain

A

Plateau before 1995 reflecting changes in sexual behaviour in response to HIV epidemic
Gradual and sustained increase in no of diagnosed STIs since 1995 due to:

Increased transmission
Acceptability of GUM services
Greater public awareness
Development in diagnostic methods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the clinical presentation of chlamydia in females?

A 
Commonly asymptomatic
Endometriosis (ectopic uterine growth)
Salpingitis
Cervicitis
Urethritis
Dysuria
Frequency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical presentation of chlamydia in males? Complications?

A

Urethritis

Acute epididymitis
Reiters syndrome:
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most common infection in neonates? How does this progress?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis
Neonatal conjunctivits
Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are specimens collected in males, females and neonates to diagnose chlamydia?

A

M - Urethral swag or first catch urine
F - endocervical swab
N - Eye swab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is chlamydia diagnosed?

A

Antigen detection:
Immunofluoresnce
Enzyme immunoassay
PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

A

Macrolides (azithromycin)

Tetracycline (doxycycline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Clincal presentation of gonorrhoea in males and females?

A

M Urethritis

F Acute cervicitis with vaginal discharge, urethral syndrome, asymptomatic

17
Q

How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?

A

M - urethral/rectal/pharyngeal swab
F - endocervical/urethral/rectal/pharyngeal swab

Gram stain - gram negative diplococci
Culture

18
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?

A

Ceftriaxone

+ azithromycin for chlamydia to prevent emergence of resistance to cephalosporins
Mixed infections common.

19
Q

What is the clinical presentation of primary and recurrent genital herpes? Where can herpes lie dormant?

A

Primary:
• Extensive, painful genital ulceration, dysuria, inguinal lymphadenopathy, fever

Recurrent:
• Asymptomatic → Moderate
• Latent infection in dorsal root ganglia

20
Q

How is genital herpes diagnosed?

A

Smear and swab of vesicle fluid

PCR

21
Q

Treatment for herpes?

A

Aciclovir
Prophylaxis for frequent recurrences
Barrier contraception

22
Q

Which HPVs have highest risk?

A

16 and 18

23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of HPV?

A
  • Cutaneous, mucosal and anogenital (anus and genital) warts
  • Benign, painless, verrucous epithelial or mucosal outgrowths
  • Penis, vulva, vagina, urethra, cervix, perianal skin
24
Q

How is HPV diagnosed?

A

• Clinical, biopsy and genome analysis, hybrid capture

25
Q

How is HPV treated?

A

There is no treatment - frequent spontaneous resolution.

• Topical podophyllin, cryotherapy, intralesional interferon for prevention

26
Q

How is HPV screened?

A

Cervical Pap smea cytology
Colposcopy
Cervical swab

27
Q

What causes syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum - spirochaete bateria

28
Q

Describe the presentation stages of syphilis

A

Primary: indurated, painless ulcer (chancre)
Secondary: 6-8 weeks later - fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, mucosal lesions.
Latent: symptom free years
Chronic granulomatous lesions
CVS and CNS pathology

29
Q

How is syphilis diagnosed?

A

Dark field microscopy

Serology

30
Q

How is syphylis treated?

A

Penicilin

31
Q

Classify trichomonad vaginalis.

A

Flagellated protozoan

32
Q

What is the clinical presentation of trichomonasis

A

Thin, frothy, offensive discharge

Irritation, dysuria, vaginal inflammation

33
Q

Diagnosis of trichomonas vaginitis. Treatment.

A

Culture

Metronidazole

34
Q

What causes vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Candida albicans and other candida yeast fungi

35
Q

Risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Antibiotics, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, obestiy, steroids, diabetes.

36
Q

Vulvovaginal candidasis clinical presenttion, diagnosis and treatment?

A

Profuse white curd like discharge
Vaginal itch, discomfort and erythema

High vaginal smear and culture

Topical azoles or oral fluconazole

37
Q

What causes bacterial vaginosis? Clinical presentation? Diagnosis? Treatment?

A

Unsettled normal flora (anaerombes, enteric gram neg bacteroides)

Scanty but offensive, fishy discharge

pH > 5
KOH whiff test
Hgih vaginal smear - reduced lactobacilli

Metronidazole

REPRO (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions