6.1 Genetics beyond Mendel

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 2

Double-helix structure

Answer 2

• two strands paired, and a slight curve
• Made of nucleotides
• Codes for every trait

Question 3

The Discovery of DNA

Answer 3

1869: Friedrich Miescher studied a compound found in the nucleus of the cells he studied, and called it nuclein
This is what we now know as “DNA”
1920s: Even though the chemical components of DNA were discovered back in the 1920’s, it took many years of research to prove DNA was responsible for heredity.

Question 4

Hammerling

Answer 4

Joachim Hammerling discovered that the nucleus of a cell controls the development of organisms.

Question 5

Hershey & Chase

Answer 5

1952:Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase used bacterial viruses to confirm that DNA was, in fact, the material which contains the hereditary information and was stored in the nucleus

Question 6

Chromosomes are made up of

Answer 6

DNA

Question 7

Chemical components of DNA

Answer 7

Three components of DNA:
- Deoxyribose (sugar)
- Phosphate
- Nitrogen Base
These three components are a nucleotide

Question 8

4 bases

Answer 8

1. Adenine
2. Cytosine
3. Thymine
4. Guanine

Question 9

Base pairs

Answer 9

Pair: A & T

Pair: C & G

TWO RINGS
“giant”

ONE RING
“teency”

Question 10

The Structure of DNA

Answer 10

In 1951, researcher Rosalind Franklin began to study DNA using X-ray crystallography.

Working together with another scientist, Maurice Wilkins, Franklin determined that DNA molecules form a helix, or corkscrew, shape.

Question 11

Watson & Crick

Answer 11

1. DNA is made of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases (Levene, 1920s).
2. The proportion of adenine (A) to thymine (T) is equal. The proportion of cytosine (C) to guanine (G) is equal (Chargaff , 1940).
3. DNA has the shape of a helix or corkscrew (Franklin and Wilkins, 1951).