5.1 Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

• Austrian Monk
• “Father” of genetics
• Explored patterns of inheritance by crossbreeding thousands of pea plants

Question 2

chose pea plants because..

Answer 2

• Easy to grow and reproduce quickly
• Have distinct, observable traits

Question 3

True breeding

Answer 3

consistently produce offspring with the same trait

Question 4

True-Breeding Plants and Crosses

Answer 4

Mendel crossed true-breeding plants with different traits
- Cross: the mating of two organisms
- Parental generation (P): the original pair of plants being crossed

Question 5

Filial

Answer 5

relating to offspring

Question 6

F1 generation

Answer 6

first generation of offspring from P cross

Question 7

First Filial Generation (F1)

Answer 7

Introduced concept of dominant and recessive traits

Question 8

Second Filial Generation (F2) and Beyond

Answer 8

Introduced concept of alleles: alternative forms of a gene

Question 9

F2 generation

Answer 9

offspring from F1 self-pollination

Question 10

gene

Answer 10

codes for a particular trait

Question 11

alleles

Answer 11

are variations on that trait

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

is the mixture of alleles an organism possesses

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

is the physical appearance of the trait

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

An organism that has two copies of the same allele is considered homozygous for that gene.

ex: AA or aa

Question 15

heterozygous

Answer 15

An organisms that has two different copies of the allele is considered heterozygous for that gene.

ex: Aa

Question 16

Where do the alleles come from?

Answer 16

Each allele is found on a chromosome. You inherit two copies: one from your mother and one from your father.

Question 17

Which allele is passed on?

Answer 17

While we can’t pick out which allele goes into the zygote (yet), we can predict the probability.

We use a Punnett square to explore all possible genotypes in a zygote