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Module 6: Materials > 6.1 - Ferrous > Flashcards

6.1 - Ferrous Flashcards

1
Q

When talking about ferrous materials what is the base material?

A

Iron

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2
Q

How is iron extracted from iron ore?

A

By mixing it with coke and limestone

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3
Q

Why does cast iron have limited us in the aviation industry ?

A

Low strength to weight ratio and brittleness.

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4
Q

What are the carbon contents of steel?

A 
Low= 0.1-0.3%
Medium = 0.3-0.5%
High= 0.5-1.05%
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5
Q

What % does hardness and tensile strength stop increasing at?

A

85%

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6
Q

Carbon allows what in steel to occur?

A

Primary hardening and Heat treatment

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7
Q

Sulphur in steel does what?

A

Decreases ductility and weld ability with increasing content. But increases machine ability.

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8
Q

Manganese in steel does what?

A

Contributes to strength and hardness but not as much as carbon.

Decreases ductility and weld ability.

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9
Q

Increasing manganese content in steel decreases what?

A

Ductility and weld ability

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10
Q

Silicon does what to steel?

A

Acts as a deoxidiser Increases rolled strength and hardness

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11
Q

Phosphorus in steel does what?

A

Increases strength, hardness and corrosion resistance.

Decreases ductility

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12
Q

Nickel does what to steel?

A

Increases the harden ability and impact strength

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13
Q

Molybdenum does what to steel?

A

Increases harden ability

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14
Q

Titanium in steel does what?

A

Increase toughness

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15
Q

SAE stands for

A

Society of automotive engineers

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16
Q

ASI stands for

A

American institute of steel and iron

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17
Q

Annealing does what to steel ?

A

Softens and relieve internal stresses.

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18
Q

What is the process for annealing steel?

A

Heating the steel to 50 degrees F above its upper crit limit and soaking it at that temperature. Then it’s cooled slowly in a furnace or bath of hot sand.

This makes the steel very soft and ductile.

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19
Q

What ferrous material can be hardened by heat treatment

A

Cast iron

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20
Q

The maximum hardness of steel depends entirely on what added compound ?

21
Q

Carbon steel can be softened by..?

22
Q

Steel is too hard and brittle so what process decreases this so that steel can be used.

23
Q

Tempering does what to steel?

A

Decreases hardness and increases toughness and ductility

24
Q

What is normalising

A

Heating steel to relieve stress caused during forging welding and machining

25
Q

What’s the normalising process?

A

Heat the steel to 100 degrees F above the upper crit limit then soak at that temp for a prescribed time then allow to cool at room temp.

26
Q

What determines the rate of quenching ?

A

The medium in which the metal is being quenched

27
Q

Ferrite is what?

A

The name given to pure iron that allow for .02% carbon to be absorbed.

28
Q

How much carbon can ferrite iron absorb?

29
Q

Austerity can absorb how much carbon?

30
Q

Cementite iron has what characteristics?

A

Hard and brittle

31
Q

Cementite is iron with what carbon content?

A

Greater than 2%

32
Q

CRES stands for

A

Corrosion resistant steel

33
Q

CRES has what characteristics (4)

A

Corrosion resistant
Strength
Toughness
Resistance to high temps

34
Q

For the CRES classification chart what steel type is represented by (200 and 300),(400)

A

200&300 is austenitic

400 is ferritic and martensitic

35
Q

Most widely used CRES is?

A

In the 300 series called 18-8

36
Q

Austenitic steels are what alloys?

A

Chromium-nickel and chromium-nickel-manganese alloys

37
Q

Austenitic can be hardened by

A

Cold working, heat treatment only anneals them.

38
Q

Austenitic steel is what In An annealed state and what can it be after being cold worked?

A

After annealing steel is non magnetic but after being cold worked it can be slightly magnetic

39
Q

Titanium helps to stop what in steel

A

Inter-granular corrosion

40
Q

Steel classification is in what format?

A

First 2 digits refer to the primary alloying element and the last 2 the percentage of carbon in the alloy,

41
Q

Chromium does what to steel?

A

Increase corrosion resistance
Oxidation resistance
Harden-ability and high temp strength.
Used in conjunction with toughening Elements like nickel.

42
Q

What is the rapid quench medium

43
Q

What is the slow quench material

44
Q

Disadvantages of Austenitic Steels

A
  • difficult to cut
  • greater coefficient of expansion
  • not suitable in a high temp environment
  • experiences techies
45
Q

What is the only form of steel that can be heat treated?

A

Martensitic

46
Q

What is hydrogen embrittlement?

A

When hydrogen reacts with carbon and forms methane.

- builds pressure underneath the grain structure

47
Q

How can you save a product that could be impacted by hydrogen embrittlement?

A

Recook for 3 hours

48
Q

What are the 3 types of carborising?

A

Pack, liquid and gas

Module 6: Materials (6 decks)

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