6.1 Anatomy of Breathing ** Flashcards

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1
Q

pathway of respiration through respiratory tract

A

inhalation → external nares of the nose → nasal cavity → vibrissae → pharynx → larynx → trachea → lungs → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli → capillaries → gas exchange → expiration

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2
Q

nose and mouth

A
  • remove dirt and particulate matter from the air
  • warming and humidifying air before the lungs
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3
Q

thoracic cavity

A

location of the lungs and heart

chest wall forms the outside of the thoracic cavity

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4
Q

external nares

A

(nostrils)

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5
Q

vibrissae

A

nasal hairs and mucous membranes which filer air in the nose

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6
Q

pharynx

A
  • resides behind the nasal cavity and at the back of the mouth
  • pathway for both food → esophagus and air → lungs
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7
Q

larynx (glottis)

A
  • located below the pharynx
  • pathway for only air
  • contains 2 vocal cords
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8
Q

epiglottis

A
  • covers opening of the glottis (larynx) during swallowing
    • prevents food from entering airway
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9
Q

vocal cords

A
  • located in the larynx
  • maneuvered by using skeletal muscle and cartilage
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10
Q

trachea (wind pipe)

A

protected by cartilaginous rings

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11
Q

ciliated epithelial cells

A
  • found in both the trachea and bronchi
  • catch material that has made it passed the mucous membranes in the nose and mouth
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12
Q

lungs

***include an image of Figure 6.1

A

right lung:
upper lobe
horizontal fissure
middle lobe
oblique fissure
lower lobe

left lung:
upper lobe
oblique fissure
lower lobe

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13
Q

bronchi

A

right bronchus and left bronchus

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14
Q

bronchioles

A

divide into alveoli

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15
Q

alveoli

A
  • location of gas exchange
    • tiny, balloon-like sacs
    • coated by surfactant
  • surrounded by a network of capillaries
  • large SA: approximately 100 m2
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16
Q

surfactant

A
  • located on alveoli
  • a detergent which lowers surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing on itself
17
Q

pleurae

A
  • membrane which surrounds each lung
    • forms a closed sac which the lungs expand against
18
Q

visceral pleura

A

inner surface membrane

19
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer surface membrane

20
Q

intrapleural space

A

the space between the visceral and parietal pleurae

21
Q

diaphragm

A
  • a thin, muscular structure which divides the thoracic cavity from the the abdominal cavity
  • under somatic control
22
Q

external intercostal muscles

A
23
Q

intrathoracic breathing

A
24
Q

negative-pressure breathing

A
25
Q

internal intercostal muscles

A
26
Q

pulmonary arteries

A
27
Q

pulmonary veins

A