6.1 Anatomy of Breathing ** Flashcards
pathway of respiration through respiratory tract
inhalation → external nares of the nose → nasal cavity → vibrissae → pharynx → larynx → trachea → lungs → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli → capillaries → gas exchange → expiration
nose and mouth
- remove dirt and particulate matter from the air
- warming and humidifying air before the lungs
thoracic cavity
location of the lungs and heart
chest wall forms the outside of the thoracic cavity
external nares
(nostrils)
vibrissae
nasal hairs and mucous membranes which filer air in the nose
pharynx
- resides behind the nasal cavity and at the back of the mouth
- pathway for both food → esophagus and air → lungs
larynx (glottis)
- located below the pharynx
- pathway for only air
- contains 2 vocal cords
epiglottis
- covers opening of the glottis (larynx) during swallowing
- prevents food from entering airway
vocal cords
- located in the larynx
- maneuvered by using skeletal muscle and cartilage
trachea (wind pipe)
protected by cartilaginous rings
ciliated epithelial cells
- found in both the trachea and bronchi
- catch material that has made it passed the mucous membranes in the nose and mouth
lungs
***include an image of Figure 6.1
right lung:
upper lobe
horizontal fissure
middle lobe
oblique fissure
lower lobe
left lung:
upper lobe
oblique fissure
lower lobe
bronchi
right bronchus and left bronchus
bronchioles
divide into alveoli
alveoli
- location of gas exchange
- tiny, balloon-like sacs
- coated by surfactant
- surrounded by a network of capillaries
- large SA: approximately 100 m2