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M6 > 6.1 > Flashcards

6.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ferrous metal.

A

Any alloy containing iron as its main ingredient

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2
Q

What is tensile strength

A

Ability to withstand stress under tension.

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3
Q

What is compressive strength.

A

Ability of a metal to withstand pressing.

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4
Q

What is shear strength

A

Ability to withstand stress acting Coplanar

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5
Q

What is torsional strength

A

Ability to resist rotational shear

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6
Q

What is flexural strength

A

Bending strength

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7
Q

Fatigue / Endurance strength

A

Ability to resist repeated loading.

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8
Q

Impact strength

A

Ability to resist shock.

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9
Q

What is hardness

A

Refers to a metal ability to resist cutting , penetrating , or abrasion

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10
Q

What is malleability

A

Can be bent , formed , or shaped without cracking or breaking.

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11
Q

What is ductility

A

Ability to be drawn into wire stock.

Resistance to failure under shock loads.

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12
Q

Brittleness

A

Tenancy to break or shatter under stress.

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13
Q

What is conductivity.

A

Cary heat and electricity.

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14
Q

What is toughness

A

Resist tearing or breakage when bent or shattered.

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15
Q

What is fusibility

A

Ability to be joined by heating + melting.

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16
Q

Effect of sulphur in steel

A

Causes steel to be brittle
Removed in the refining process

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17
Q

Effected of silicon in steel

A

Acts as a hardener

When used in small quantities, improves ductility.

In low carbon steels it can be detrimental to the surface finish.

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18
Q

Effect of Phosphorus in steel.

A

Raises yield strength.

Improves low carbon carbon steels resistance to amospheric corrosion

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19
Q

What effect does nickel have on steel

A

Adds strength + hardness
Increases yield strength

20
Q

What effect does chromium have on steel?

A

Increase strength and hardness
Increases its wear and corrosion resistance.

21
Q

What effect does molybdenum have on steel

A

Increases impact strength and elastic limit

Extremely wear resistant and has lots of fatigue strength

Most common type used in aircraft airframes.

22
Q

What is the effect of vanadium on steel

A

When combined with chromium, vanadium produces a strong tough ductile steel alloy

Used in wrenches + ball bearings.

23
Q

Effect of tungsten on steel

A

Makes a steel with a high melting point.

24
Q

What is stainless steel

A

Used in firewalls

Contains large amounts of chromium and nickel

Divided into 3 subcategory’s based on chemical structure:
Austenitic
Martensitic
Ferretic

25
Q

Austenitic stainless steel

A

Referred to as 200 and 300 series stainless steel.
Non-magnetic.

26
Q

Ferritic stainless steel

A

400 series
Chromium as a major alloying element
Magnetic

27
Q

Martensitic stainless steel

A

400 series
Magnetic
Lots of chromium- 11-17 %
Corrosion resistant .

28
Q

Effect of carbon mixed with iron

A

Creates steel

Allows steel to be heat treated to obtain varying levels of hardness strength and toughness.

Higher content decreases malleability , weld ability

29
Q

What does the first digit indicate on SAE classification of steel

A

The principal alloying element.

30
Q

What do the last digits of SAE classification of steel indicate?

A

Percentage level of carbon

31
Q

What is ferrite

A

Pure iron
Body centred cubic (BCC) crystal
Absorb up to 0.2% carbon

32
Q

What is astenite?

A

The preferred type of steel in aviation

Face centred cubic (FCC) lattice

Absorb up to 2.0% of carbon

33
Q

What is cementite?

A

AKA iron carbide
Very hard and brittle
Below UTC

34
Q

What is pearlite

A

Mix of cementite and ferrite (I think)

35
Q

What are the important factors in the heat treatment of steel?

A

Temperature
% carbon
Time taken to cool

36
Q

What is martensite

A

Very similar structure to austenite but occurs due to rapid cooling of austenite and is very. Brittle

37
Q

What type of crystal is martensite?

A

Body entered tetragonal

38
Q

What is annealing of steel

A

Heating the steel around 10 degrees above its upper critical limit and holding it there (soaking)

Softens the steel and relieves internal stresses

Can’t be used on aircraft

39
Q

What is normalising of steel

A

Heat 38 degrees above UCL and soaking it for a prescribed time.
Then allowing it to cool at room temp

Relieves internal stresses

Important for welded components

40
Q

What is tempering of steel

A

Method used to decrease the hardness therefore increasing ductility and toughness of quenched steel and reducing its brittleness.

Accurate temperature control is needed

41
Q

Examples of ways of monitoring temperature

A

Pyrometer
Thermocouples
Paint or crayons
Colour

42
Q

What is case hardening of steel

A

Two types: carburising and nitriding

Hardens outer surface but keeps the inner surface tough

43
Q

What is direct hardening

A

Flame or induction hardening

Flame hardening:
Oxy-acetylene torch

Induction hardening:
Heats entire circumference simultaneously

44
Q

What type of metals are the FCC, BCC and the BCT

A

FCC = austenite
BCC = ferrite
BCT = martensite

45
Q

What is the critical temperature

A

M6 (10 decks)

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