60-111 Flashcards
Coined the termed “chemotherapy” and was among the first scientists who searched for the magicbullet
Paul ehrlich
Bacterium that can be used as an agricultural pest control
Bacillus thuringiensis
Collective term for microbes on and inside human bodies
Normal microbiota
Term for new or changing diseases that are increasing or have the potential to increase in incidence in the near future
Emerging infectious diseases
Avian influenza A
H5N1 virus
Example of bioremediation
Application of oil-degrading bacteria to an oil spill
Cause of Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorferi
Method used to identify bacteria in a sample without culturing the bacteria
Flow cytometry
A reference for the taxonomic classification scheme for prokaryotes
Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology
A reference for the identification of bacteria based on criteria, such as, morphology, cell wall composition, oxygen requirements
Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology
Founder of the five kingdom system where the prokaryotes were placed in kingdom prokaryotae and eucaryotes comprised the other four kingdoms
Robert whittaker
True about viruses
Has a single type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA
Multiply only inside living host cells
Considered obligate intracellular parasites
Contains a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid
Protein coat that protects the nucleic acid of a virus
Capsid
Occurrence of inflammation
Tissue response
Phagocyte migration
Tissue repair
Vasodilation
Increase in abnormally high body temperature or fever
Endotoxins
Lipopolysaccharides
Interleukin-1
TNF-alpha
Rna viruses
HIV
FLU VIRUS
RABIES
EBOLA VIRUS
Dna viruses
Shingles virus
HBV
HSV 1
HSV 2
Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions that occur immediately upon re-exposure of a sensitized individual to an antigen
Anaphylactic reaction
Hemolytic disease of the newborn will occur in this condition
Second or higher pregnancy of sensitized Rh(-) mother, rh(+) baby with an rh(+) father
True about immunosuppressants
Suppress normal immune response against transplant
Include cyclosporine
Blocks secretion of interleukin 2 to disrupt cell-mediated immune response
Include monoclonal antibodies
Human immunodeficiency virus targets
CD4+ T helper cell
Condition where antibodies cause antigens to clump together
Agglutination
Immune response that defends the body against fungi, parasites, cancer and transplants
Cell mediate
A nosocomial pathogen that normally inhabits the skin and commonly contaminates prosthetic devices such as, catheters and heart valves, leading to symptomatic microbemia
Staphylococcus epidermidis
What is included in the indicator system of a complement fixation test
RBC and hemolysin
In malaria, the form of plasmodia that is transmitted from mosquito to human is the
Sporozoite
Biological vector
Anopheles mosquitoe
In the host-parasite relationship, the mosquito vector of plasmodium sp acts as the
Definitive host
Resistance to antimicrobial drugs
Resistance to chloramphenicol is due to an enzyme that acetylates the drug
Resistance to penicillin is due to reduced affinity of transpeptidases
Resistance to tetracyclineid
Mechanism of antibiotic resistance
Preventing the entry of the drug to the target site within the microbial cell
Alteration of the drug’s target site
Inactivation of the drug by microbial enzymes
Mutation of the bacteria due to antibiotic misuse
Common cause of nosocomial infection
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Preventing the spread of nosocomial infections
Handwashing
Emerging infectious diseases starting year 2000
H1N1 influenza
Anthrax
Chaga’s disease
Whooping cough
Emerging infectious diseases can be due to
Climatic changes
Continuous source of the disease organism is known as the
Reservoir of infection
The interval between initial infection and the first appearance of any signs or symptoms is known as
Incubation period
Time period that the person regains strength from infection and the body returns to its pre-diseased state
Period of illness
A relatively short period in the occurrence of disease characterized by early mild symptoms of the disease, such as, body ache, headache, and malaise
Prodromal period
Rabies virus is transmitted to humans through
Direct contact transmission
Congenital infection, like rubella, occurs as a result of
Transplacental spread of virus and growth in the fetus
An enzyme produced by virulent bacteria to promote the spread of the bacteria to the host and otherwise known as the spreading factor
Hyaluronidase
Hemolysins can lyse red blood cells
Alpha-hemolysin produces greenish ring around bacterial colonies on blood agar plate
Beta-hemolysin produces clear ring around colonies on blood agar plate
Gamma-hemolysin produces no visible change in color around colonies on blood agar plate
Streptococcus pyogenes has beta-hemolysin
Exotoxins can lead to
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Botulism
Cholera
Botulinum toxin is classified as a
Neurotoxin
Endotoxin or the lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide is called the
Lipid A
Life threatening decrease in blood pressure caused by bacteria is referred to as
Septic shock
Endotoxin producing bacterium
Neisseria meningitidis
Inclusion bodies produced by rabies virus
Negri bodies
Term for the characteristic of the disease that can be observed by examining the patient
Sign
Can be observed or felt only by the patient
Symptoms
Combination of signs and symptoms that occur together and indicate a larticular disease
Syndrome
