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Microbio > 60-111 > Flashcards

60-111 Flashcards

1
Q

Coined the termed “chemotherapy” and was among the first scientists who searched for the magicbullet

A

Paul ehrlich

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2
Q

Bacterium that can be used as an agricultural pest control

A

Bacillus thuringiensis

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3
Q

Collective term for microbes on and inside human bodies

A

Normal microbiota

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4
Q

Term for new or changing diseases that are increasing or have the potential to increase in incidence in the near future

A

Emerging infectious diseases

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5
Q

Avian influenza A

A

H5N1 virus

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6
Q

Example of bioremediation

A

Application of oil-degrading bacteria to an oil spill

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7
Q

Cause of Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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8
Q

Method used to identify bacteria in a sample without culturing the bacteria

A

Flow cytometry

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9
Q

A reference for the taxonomic classification scheme for prokaryotes

A

Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology

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10
Q

A reference for the identification of bacteria based on criteria, such as, morphology, cell wall composition, oxygen requirements

A

Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology

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11
Q

Founder of the five kingdom system where the prokaryotes were placed in kingdom prokaryotae and eucaryotes comprised the other four kingdoms

A

Robert whittaker

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12
Q

True about viruses

A

Has a single type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA
Multiply only inside living host cells
Considered obligate intracellular parasites
Contains a protein coat that surrounds the nucleic acid

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13
Q

Protein coat that protects the nucleic acid of a virus

A

Capsid

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14
Q

Occurrence of inflammation

A

Tissue response
Phagocyte migration
Tissue repair
Vasodilation

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15
Q

Increase in abnormally high body temperature or fever

A

Endotoxins
Lipopolysaccharides
Interleukin-1
TNF-alpha

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16
Q

Rna viruses

A

HIV
FLU VIRUS
RABIES
EBOLA VIRUS

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17
Q

Dna viruses

A

Shingles virus
HBV
HSV 1
HSV 2

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18
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions that occur immediately upon re-exposure of a sensitized individual to an antigen

A

Anaphylactic reaction

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19
Q

Hemolytic disease of the newborn will occur in this condition

A

Second or higher pregnancy of sensitized Rh(-) mother, rh(+) baby with an rh(+) father

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20
Q

True about immunosuppressants

A

Suppress normal immune response against transplant
Include cyclosporine
Blocks secretion of interleukin 2 to disrupt cell-mediated immune response
Include monoclonal antibodies

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21
Q

Human immunodeficiency virus targets

A

CD4+ T helper cell

22
Q

Condition where antibodies cause antigens to clump together

A

Agglutination

23
Q

Immune response that defends the body against fungi, parasites, cancer and transplants

A

Cell mediate

24
Q

A nosocomial pathogen that normally inhabits the skin and commonly contaminates prosthetic devices such as, catheters and heart valves, leading to symptomatic microbemia

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

25
Q

What is included in the indicator system of a complement fixation test

A

RBC and hemolysin

26
Q

In malaria, the form of plasmodia that is transmitted from mosquito to human is the

A

Sporozoite

27
Q

Biological vector

A

Anopheles mosquitoe

28
Q

In the host-parasite relationship, the mosquito vector of plasmodium sp acts as the

A

Definitive host

29
Q

Resistance to antimicrobial drugs

A

Resistance to chloramphenicol is due to an enzyme that acetylates the drug
Resistance to penicillin is due to reduced affinity of transpeptidases
Resistance to tetracyclineid

30
Q

Mechanism of antibiotic resistance

A

Preventing the entry of the drug to the target site within the microbial cell
Alteration of the drug’s target site
Inactivation of the drug by microbial enzymes
Mutation of the bacteria due to antibiotic misuse

31
Q

Common cause of nosocomial infection

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

32
Q

Preventing the spread of nosocomial infections

A

Handwashing

33
Q

Emerging infectious diseases starting year 2000

A

H1N1 influenza
Anthrax
Chaga’s disease
Whooping cough

34
Q

Emerging infectious diseases can be due to

A

Climatic changes

35
Q

Continuous source of the disease organism is known as the

A

Reservoir of infection

36
Q

The interval between initial infection and the first appearance of any signs or symptoms is known as

A

Incubation period

37
Q

Time period that the person regains strength from infection and the body returns to its pre-diseased state

A

Period of illness

38
Q

A relatively short period in the occurrence of disease characterized by early mild symptoms of the disease, such as, body ache, headache, and malaise

A

Prodromal period

39
Q

Rabies virus is transmitted to humans through

A

Direct contact transmission

40
Q

Congenital infection, like rubella, occurs as a result of

A

Transplacental spread of virus and growth in the fetus

41
Q

An enzyme produced by virulent bacteria to promote the spread of the bacteria to the host and otherwise known as the spreading factor

A

Hyaluronidase

42
Q

Hemolysins can lyse red blood cells

A

Alpha-hemolysin produces greenish ring around bacterial colonies on blood agar plate

Beta-hemolysin produces clear ring around colonies on blood agar plate

Gamma-hemolysin produces no visible change in color around colonies on blood agar plate

Streptococcus pyogenes has beta-hemolysin

43
Q

Exotoxins can lead to

A

Tetanus
Diphtheria
Botulism
Cholera

44
Q

Botulinum toxin is classified as a

A

Neurotoxin

45
Q

Endotoxin or the lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide is called the

A

Lipid A

46
Q

Life threatening decrease in blood pressure caused by bacteria is referred to as

A

Septic shock

47
Q

Endotoxin producing bacterium

A

Neisseria meningitidis

48
Q

Inclusion bodies produced by rabies virus

A

Negri bodies

49
Q

Term for the characteristic of the disease that can be observed by examining the patient

A

Sign

50
Q

Can be observed or felt only by the patient

A

Symptoms

51
Q

Combination of signs and symptoms that occur together and indicate a larticular disease

A

Syndrome

Microbio (3 decks)

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