Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Z Strab, VT, & Amblyopia -MT > 6 - Vergence Therapy > Flashcards

6 - Vergence Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

CITT Study

A

Placebo VT vs pencil pu vs VT

CI = exo N>D, reduced NPC & PFV (@N)

Results: pencil pu are no more effective than placebo, VT/orthopics is best option

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

VT Guidelines: begin therapy stressing

A

Direction of difficulty:
CI - convergence therapy, BO stressed
CE - divergence therapy, BI stressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

VT Guidelines: begin therapy with (2)

A

Easier techniques —> harder

L periph targets w/ high stereo demand (3rd) —> S central (2nd/1st
Opposite of suppression therapy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

VT Guidelines: initially allow some

A

Blur - if it helps maintain fusion (i.e. allow inappropriate accomm response if needed to drive vergence system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

VT Guidelines: emphasize (2)

A

Quality (not quantity) - speed of fusional vergence/accomm responses & feeling of converging/diverging

Amplitudes —> facility (tonic—>phasic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

VT Guidelines: eventually train

A

PFV & NFV, regardless of initial dx - improve weakness & maintain strengths/avoid regression
Typically start “good” range about midway thru therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

VT Guidelines: train all __ regardless of initial dx

A

Accommodative skills - vergences & accomm are linked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vergence VT Stages

A

Early: weakest, easier techniques, L periph 3rd deg, allow blur, slow/tonic ranges

Later: both, free space (chiastopic/orthopic), S central 2nd deg, must be single & clear, jump/step ranges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vergence VT Guidelines: sequence

A

Vergence awareness —> tonic range extension *—> jump range extension —> chiastopic/orthopic fusion —> BOP/BIM

*before moving on to jump ranges, must have normal accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vergence VT Goals

A

Near: 15-20 BI, 25-30 BO

Dist: 10 BI, 20 BO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vergence VT Modifications

A

Easier:
Convergence = (-) lenses, BI, incr working dist

Divergence = (+) lenses, BO, incr working dist

(Harder opposite)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vergence Awareness activities (5)

A 
Brock string
Walk the bug
Stick & straw
Barrel card
Pencil pu

*esp helpful in training gross convergence in CI pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tonic Range Extension acitivities (5)

A 
Vectrograms
Variable tranaglyph
Computer
Wheatstone
Brewster
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Jump Range Extension acitivities (5)

A 
Prism jumps
Vectogram jumps
Tranaglyph jumps
Computer jumps
Non-variable tranaglyph
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chiastopic/Orthopic Fusion acitivities (3)

A

Aperture rule
Eccentric circles
Lifesaver card

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

BOP/BIM acitivities (3)

A

Vectrogram BOP/BIM
Tranaglyph BOP/BIM
Double flipper BOP/BIM

17
Q

Brock string

A

Awareness

“Golden rule” - wherever strings intersect is where eyes are pointed

Cross in front of bead = ESO - “relax”
Cross behind bead = EXO - “cross eyes”

Progression: work on facility (bounce bead-to-bead), move beads closer/farther

18
Q

Walk the bug

A

Awareness

Slowly

Emphasize good control of convergence

19
Q

Stick & straw

A

Awareness

Parallel to floor

Don’t let pt hold both/feel for the straw

Requires depth perception & alignment

20
Q

Barrel fusion

A

Awareness

Fusion = luster

Progression: hold each 10-12 seconds

21
Q

Variable tranaglyph

A

Tonic ranges

R sees G, G sees R

Convergence = BO = Red to the Right (CORR)
Divergence = BI = Green to the Right (DIGR)

Steps:

1) depth appreciation - stereo (-) suppression
2) apprec. of conv/div - feedback cues (SILO)
3) vergence demand - gradually incr & coach

22
Q

Vectograms (“variable”)

A

Tonic ranges

Similar to variable tranaglyph, but more $$$

BIL BON

23
Q

Prismatic demand calculations (tonic range extensions)

Ex: measure 42mm of target separation w/ red slide to the right. What is the prism demand with a working distance of 33cm?

A

Working dist/target separation = 100cm/1cm

PD = sep of 1cm @ 1m distance

Ex: 14pd BO

24
Q

Wheatstone

A

Tonic ranges

Aka variable mirror stereoscope

Set to distance w/ +3.00 lenses

W wider = diverge, narrower = converge

25
Brewster
Tonic ranges Aka Bernell-o-scope Septum separates eyes Uses +5.00 lenses w/ 95mm separation (induces BO) Far point (highest BO/conv demand) = 20cm Convergence/BO training: start close, PFV demand incr as card moves away Divergence/BI training: start at far point, NFV demand incr as card moves closer
26
Non-variable tranaglyph
Jump ranges All targets have fixed vergence demand ``` BO = Red to Right (CORR) BI = Green to Right (DIGR) ```
27
Tranaglyph jumps
Jump ranges Recoveries = change fixatio from target to another point in space -> break fusion by covering an eye Use top for BI and bottom BO (or vice versa) & look back and forth
28
Vectogram jumps
Jump ranges Similar to tranaglyph jumps
29
Loose prism jumps
Jump ranges Can be D or N, need an accomm target No suppression controls - add Brock String if desired
30
Describe chiastopic and orthopic
Chiastopic: convergence/BO - pt’s visual axes crossed relative to target’s fixation distance Orthopic: divergence/BI - pt’s visual axes uncrossed relative to target’s fixation distance
31
Aperture rule
Chiastopic/Orthopic Fusion Single aperture = chias/conv/BO - goals 25-30pd Double aperture = orth/div/BI - goals 15-20pd Steps: 1) fusion & clarity (-) suppression 2) recovery - look away, regain fusion 3) change card to incr demand Includes suppression checks (eccentric circles) Vergence demand = 2.5 x card number Coaching: pointer may help fusion, C = relax accomm, O = stimulate
32
Lifesaver & Eccentric circles
Chiastopic/Orthopic Fusion Free space activities - transparent = div, opaque = conv Each card has 3rd deg targets, anti-supp cues, & accomm controls Working dist of 40cm —> 4mm = 1pd Center circles sep by 12cm = 30pd
33
Lifesaver & Eccentric circles: number of circles seen
2 - looking at card itself 3 - converging on appropriate plane Chiastopic = in front of plane of accomm, bigger/outer circle forward Orthopic = behind plane of accomm, smaller/inner circle forward 4 - over/under-con/diverging, due to physiological diplopia
34
Variable tranaglyph & Vectogram BOP/BIM
Goals: 33 BO/BI with +/-2 flippers
35
Double flippers BOP/BIM
View reading material & gradually incr powers Coaching: BOP = converge eyes, relax accomm BIM = diverge eyes, tighten accomm Goals: 8-10pd with +/-2.50 @ N
36
Vergence therapy coaching
Convergence/BO: cross eyes, look hard to fuse, think about looking close Divergence/BI: relax eyes, think about looking thru the target, think about looking far away/behind target

Z Strab, VT, & Amblyopia -MT (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions