6 Transport System Challenges

Question 1

What are the 4 key challenges of developing a way to transport people and goods in future

Answer 1

Economic viability
Environmental impact
Dependence on fossil fuel
User safety

Question 2

Describe infrastructure required to allow hydrogen vehicles to function effectively (2)

Answer 2

Specialised filling stations with pipelines to and from them
Storage infrastructure

Question 3

Describe infrastructure required to allow electric vehicles to function effectively (1)

Answer 3

More charging points at more locations

Question 4

Describe infrastructure required to allow biofuelled vehicles to function effectively

Answer 4

Specialised filling stations
Large area of land to produce crop - food production effect

Question 5

Name the steps in the industrial production of bio ethanol from biomass

Answer 5

Pretreatment
Cellulose hydrolysis
Glucose fermentation
Bio ethanol recovery / purification

Question 6

Chemical equation of esterification in bio ethanol production

Answer 6

C12H22O11&raquo_space; C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Sucrose&raquo_space; glucose + fructose

Question 7

Chemical equation of fermentation in bio ethanol production

Answer 7

C6H12O6&raquo_space; 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
Glucose&raquo_space; ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 8

Describe the main stages in the manufacture of biodeiesel from vegetable oils using methanol and sodium hydroxide (3)

Answer 8

Oil + methanol is transesterification and sodium hydroxide is catalyst
Produces biodiesel and glycerine

Question 9

Types of vegetable oils used in biodiesel production (4)

Answer 9

Soybean
Rapeseed
Palm
Corn

Question 10

Advantages of biodiesel (5)

Answer 10

Same engines as ff
Cheaper than ff
Carbon neutral
Increased fuel security due to less reliance on ff
Less particulate pollution

Question 11

Disadvantages of biodiesel (5)

Answer 11

Lower fuel economy
reduces vehicle power
Not suitable in low temperatures
Detrimental to engine durability

Question 12

Why is production of biofuel contentious (3)

Answer 12

Land that could be used to grow food is taken
Deforestation to clear land - GHG emission
Price hikes in certain foods because of supply chain

Question 13

Outline three strategies that policy makers employ to reduce transport
demand. Comment on the effectiveness of each strategy.

Answer 13

Congestion charges -
Public transport
Walking/cycling
Fuel and vehicle taxation
Air travel levies
Video calls - less in person meetings = less travel