6. stages of pregnancy Flashcards
First trimester 0 to 12 weeks
Germinal stage days 1 to 9
- Sperm travels to the very beginning of the fallopian tube and fertilises the egg there
- From fertilisation the fertilised eggs travels the fallopian tube and then finally implants in the uterus at around day 8 or 9
- Between then:
○ Zygote: fertilised egg
○ First cleavage (meiosis)
○ 2 cell, 4, cell, 8 cell
○ 8 cell compacted morula
○ Day 5 early blastocysts - Day 6-7 late blastocysts
First trimester 0 to 12 weeks
Embryonic stage 2 to 8 weeks
- Amnion is formed
- Chorion is formed
- Maternal blood flow through the placenta starts supplying the fetus
- Around 4 weeks (embryo is poppyseed size)
○ Missed period
○ Tingling breasts
○ Nausea - 6 weeks
○ GP appointment for Blood tests and Dating scan SLIUP (to make sure embedded in uterus not fall tube)
○ Morning sickness
○ Decide on plan of care
○ Discuss dietary needs (iron and folate, general increase)
○ Lifestyle changes no drugs or alcohol
Relaxin production
First trimester 0 to 12 weeks
Fetal stages 8 to 12 weeks
- 8 weeks
○ Nausea continues
○ Breasts enlarge
○ Size of kidney bean - 12 weeks
○ Nausea starts to decrease
○ Uterus is just above the symphysis pubis
○ Some skin pigmentation (face and snail trail)
○ First trimester screening tests (ultrasound and blood tests to look at thickness of nuchal fold (baby’s back) for evidence of down syndrome)
○ Chorionic villus sampling
○ The fetus
§ 5 cm long
§ Forming fingers and toes
§ Developing facial features
Forming organs
Second trimester 13 to 28 weeks
general symptoms
- Large breast
- Tired
- Increase cardiac output to 40% (2L)
- Relaxin makes blood vessels much larger to accommodate for this
- don’t start new exercises continue with old ones
Second trimester 13 to 28 weeks
18 to 20 weeks screening
- Second-trimester screening 18 to 20 weeks
○ looking at babies heart and lung movements,
○ the amniotic fluid which moves in and out of lungs.
Should be swallowing and excreting urine
Second trimester 13 to 28 weeks
discomforts of pregnancy
- Pelvic girdle pain
- Back pain
- Carpel tunnel
- Muscle cramps
- Varicose veins and vulval varicosities
- Swelling in legs
- Constipation
- Haemorrhoids
Reflux
Second trimester 13 to 28 weeks
complications
- Pre-eclampsia (potentially fatal)
○ Problems with the placenta and if extreme have to remove the placenta - Gestational diabetes
○ 3rd type of diabetes, highly common to go on and get type 2 - Low-lying placenta
Fetal growth abnormalities
Second trimester 13 to 28 weeks
16 weeks baby
- Facial muscle starting (frowns and squints, eyelids still sealed)
- Eyes working
- Transparent skin with no fat
- Start to be able to hear
Avocado sized
Second trimester 13 to 28 weeks
20 weeks baby
- Legal viability age in WA
- Can feel the baby move
- 16cm long weights 300gm
- Curled up the size of your hand
- Had formed organs
Growing rapidly
Second trimester 13 to 28 weeks
24 weeks baby
- Can feel baby move on the outside
- 28cm, 450gm
- Hearing can hear breathing and gastric gurgles
- Hear your voice
Third trimester 29 to 40 weeks
28 - 40 weeks
28 - 40 weeks
- Continued fetal grown
- Any problems can be worsened and and increased surveillances is needed
- Regular fetal movement about 10 times per day
- Growth changes due to genetics and environment more obvious
Third trimester 29 to 40 weeks
30 weeks
30 weeks
- 38cms long weighs 1400 gms
- Lungs and digestive system
- Developing subcutaneous fat
Third trimester 29 to 40 weeks
36 weeks
36 weeks
- Baby engages Head starting to float into pelvis
- 2.6 kgs
Labour
- Strong regular contractions (3 contractions in 10 mins is start and eventually a minute on and a minute off)
- Dilation of the cervix to 10cm
○ Muscle at the bottom of the uterus is cervix and really thick
○ Muscle at the top is thin
○ With each contraction the muscle at the bottom pulls up to the top so the top is becoming thicker
○ When all the thick muscle at the top in this and the muscle at the top is thick it starts pushing the baby out - Decent or presenting part
Birth
- Wait until the umbilical cord stops pulsing to cut it
- Administer something (synthetic oxytocin) to help deliver the placenta to reduce risk of bleeding
