Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MEH > 6. Spleen and WBC's > Flashcards

6. Spleen and WBC's Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of white pulp?

A

Immune function -similar to lymphoid follicles.

WBC pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the structure and function of red pulp?

A

Sinuses lined by endothelial macrophages, RBC pass through and old or damaged cells are removed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are weight loss and a feeling of abdominal fullness signs of splenomegaly?

A

As spleen enlarges, it presses on the stomach and causes a feeling of abdominal fullness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the spleen in adults?

A
  1. Sequesters and phagocytosis of old/abnormal red cells
  2. Blood pooling - secondary reserve in bleeding
  3. Extramedullary haematopoiesis - if marrow fails
  4. Immunological - T cells and B cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some causes of splenomegaly?

A
  1. Back pressure - portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis
  2. Over-working red pulp - haemolytic anaemia
  3. Over-working white pulp - infection
  4. Infiltration of abnormal cells - cancer
  5. Infiltrated by other material
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which infection causes massive splenomegaly, why?

A

Malaria. It infects red blood cells, so increased red pulp workload as well as T and B cell proliferation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of anaemia causes hypospenism?

A

Sickle cell anaemia, as it leads to blocked microvasculature and infarction of the spleen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What would you expect to see on a blood film in a patient with hyposplenism?

A

Howel-Jolly bodies (dark purple dots) which are DNA remnants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If a neutrophil has >5 lobes, what could this indicate?

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What controls neutrophil maturation?

A

G-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which immature neutrophil is the only one you should see in peripheral circulation?

A

Band cells (non-lobed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Under what conditions would you see less mature neutrophils such as myelocytes in the peripheral circulation?

A

Sepsis - neutropenic so bone marrow released cells prematurely.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can you administer to patients with severe neutropenia after sepsis or chemotherapy?

A

G-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does G-CSF do?

A

Increases neutrophil production
Accelerates release of mature cells from bone marrow
Enhances chemotaxis
Enhances phagocytosis of pathogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are causes of neutropenia?

A

Immune destruction
Sepsis
Chemotherapy
Splenic pooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What would the presence of Howell-Jolly bodies in circulating red blood cells be a sign of?

A

Damaged or absent spleen because a healthy spleen would normally remove this type of defective red blood cell.

17
Q

What single term is used to describe the condition of low red blood cells, low white blood cells and low platelets?

A

Pancytopenia

18
Q

What can cause pancytopenia?

A

Hypersplenism - pooling of the blood in an enlarged spleen

19
Q

What are the complications associated with splenomegaly?

A

Rupture and haemorrhage

Infarction - wedge shaped

20
Q

What are some common causes of neutrophilia?

A 
Infection (bacterial)
Tissue damage - post op
Acute inflammation
Cancer - enhanced cytokines
Drugs - steroids
Smoking
Acute haemorrhage
21
Q

What are some causes of neutropenia due to increased removal or use?

A

Splenic pooling
Immune destruction
Sepsis

22
Q

What are some causes of neutropenia due to decreased production?

A 
B12/folate deficiency
Infiltration of bone marrow by malignancy or fibrosis
Aplastic anaemia
Radiation
Drugs - chemotherapy 
Viral infections
23
Q

What are the consequences of neutropenia?

A

Severe life threatening bacterial infection/fungal infection

Mucosal ulceration

24
Q

What are some causes of monocytosis?

A

Chronic inflammatory diseases -RA, SLE, Crohn’s,UC
Chronic infection - TB
Carcinoma
Myeloproliferative disorders

25
Q

What is the function of eosinophils?

A

Mediate allergic responses and hypersensitivity reactions - e.g asthma, skin inflammation
Release granules containing arginine, phospholipid and enzymes
Parasitic infections

26
Q

When might eosinophilia occur?

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma
ALL, AML
Myeloproliferative conditions

27
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

Allergic reactions and inflammatory conditions

Granules contain - histamine, heparin, hyaluronic acid, serotonin

28
Q

When might you see basophilia?

A

Immediate hypersensitivity reactions
UC, RA
Myeloproliferative diseases

29
Q

What are reactive causes of lymphocytosis?

A 
Viral infections 
Bacterial infections
Stress related-MI
Post splenectomy
Smoking
30
Q

What are some malignant causes of lymphocytosis?

A

Lymphoma

Chronic lymphocyte leukaemia

31
Q

What are the symptoms of pancytopenia?

A

Anaemia - fatigue, dizziness, chest pain, shortness of breath
Thrombocytopenia - bleeding, bruising
Neutropenia - infection, ulcers, fever

MEH (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions