6) sampling methods key terms Flashcards
What is the target population?
The groups the researcher wants to study
Why is a target population used?
Because the researcher can’t have everyone, so they select a smaller group
What is a sample?
A small group of people who represent the target population in the study
What is a key limitation of a sample?
It may be biased as it consists of only those available at the time
What does sampling enable us to do?
If its representative, you can generalise the results of the study to the wider population
What are the 6 sampling techniques?
-random sampling
-opportunity sampling
-volunteer sampling
-systematic sampling
-stratified sampling
What is random sampling?
Every member of the target population has an equal chance of being chosen
What is a sampling frame?
A complete list of all members of the target population
How are participants selected from a sampling frame?
A computer-based randomiser or pull names from a hat (lottery method)
What are the pros of random sampling?
-no bias
-everyone has an equal chance to be picked
-sample is more likely to be representative
What are the cons of random sampling?
-impractical
-more time and effort needed
-not completely representative
What is opportunity sampling?
A technique that involves recruiting anyone who happens to be available at the time of the study
How is opportunity sampling conducted?
Researcher goes out where they are likely to find their target population and ask people to take part
What are the pros of opportunity sampling?
-simple
-quick
-easy
-cheap
-naturalistic (natural environment)
What are the cons of opportunity sampling?
-unrepresentative
-cannot confidently generalise