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RICS APS QS - Core Competencies > 6. Quantification and Costing > Flashcards

6. Quantification and Costing Flashcards

1
Q

What is Quantification?

A

The measurement of an item to provide its quantity.

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2
Q

What is Measurement?

A

Transformation of drawn information into description and quantities, undertaken to cost construction works.

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3
Q

What are the different standard methods of measurement?

A
  • RICS New Rules of Measurement (NRM Volumes 1-3)
  • RICS International Property Measurement Standard (IMPS)
  • CESMM (4) – Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement
  • POMI – Principles of Measurement (International) (Middle East)
  • BOMA – Standard Methods of Measurement (US/South America)
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4
Q

When would each of the mentioned standard methods of measurements be used?

A
  • RICS NRM – Order of Cost Estimates and Cost Planning; standards for different items.
  • RICS IMPS – Global Property Standards for measuring; external, internal and occupier areas.
  • CESMM (4) – Civil Engineering Projects
  • POMI – Middle East
  • BOMA – US/South America
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5
Q

What are the benefits of using standard methods of measurement?

A
  • Defines units of measurement for different items (m, m2, m3 and t)
  • Rules for how items are measured
  • System for structuring quantified information
  • Standard across industry – increased familiarity, quicker and easier quantification
  • Disputes – avoid through having clear rules of measurement
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6
Q

What standard methods of measurement have been superseded?

A
  • RICS SMM7 – Standard Method of Measurement – Superseded by NRM (previous BoQ only).
  • RICS Code of Measurement Practice – superseded by IPMS (not global previously).
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7
Q

What are measurement standards required under RICS?

A

All RICS members and RICS regulated firms involved with work that includes the measurement of buildings must comply with the following requirements and retain the following information on file or in their report:
• purpose of the measurement instruction
• date of the measurement instruction
• date of measurement
• measurement standard adopted
• if IPMS is not used, document the reason for departure
• measurement methodology adopted (e.g. laser
• measurer or tape measure)
• scale of any plans used
• floor area schedule with relevant areas cross reference to floorplans
• unit of measurement and conversion factor, if applicable (e.g. square feet to square metres) and
• name of the RICS member and/or RICS regulated firm responsible for the instruction.

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8
Q

What are the New Rules of Measurement?

A

RICS Published suite of documents comprising of three volumes; NRM 1, NRM 2, NRM 3.
Standard set of measurement rules for cost estimating, cost planning and pricing documents.

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9
Q

What are the different NRM Volumes?

A
  • NRM 1 – Order of Cost Estimating and Cost Planning for Building Works.
  • NRM 2 - Detailed Measurement of Building Works.
  • NRM 3 – Order of Cost Estimating and Cost Planning for Building Maintenance Works.
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10
Q

Where would you find guidance on pricing documents?

A

NRM 2 - Detailed Measurement of Building Works

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11
Q

What are the different measurement metrics under NRM?

A
  • GEA – Gross External Area
  • GIA – Gross Internal Area
  • NIA – Net Internal Area
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12
Q

What is GEA? (NRM Definition)

A

Area of building measured Externally to External Face of Perimeter wall at each floor.

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13
Q

What is GIA? (NRM Definition)

A

Area of building measured Externally to Internal Face of Perimeter wall at each floor.

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14
Q

What is NIA? (NRM Definition)

A

Useable area within a building measured to the Internal Face of Perimeter wall at each floor

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15
Q

What is included in Gross Internal Area?

A 
Included:
Internal Area of a building including
Internal walls and partitions 
Voids over stairwells and lift shafts
Internal open-sided balconies 
Columns
Garages
Conservatories 
Loading bays 
Atriums
Pavement Vaults 
Excluded:
Perimeter wall thicknesses 
Voids over/under structural raked or stepped floors
External open-sided balconies
Canopies
Greenhouses
Garden stores
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16
Q

What is included in Net Internal Area?

A

Included:
Areas occupied by non-structural walls subdividing accommodation in sole occupancy
Kitchens
Joinery
Areas occupied by ventilation / heating grilles
Pavement Vaults

Excluded:
Included
Areas occupied by non-structural walls subdividing accommodation in sole occupancy
Kitchens
Joinery
Areas occupied by ventilation / heating grilles
Pavement Vaults

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17
Q

What is IPMS?

A

RICS Global Property Standards for measuring; external, internal and occupier areas.

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18
Q

What are the different IMPS Documents ?

A
  • IPMS – Office Buildings 2014
  • IPMS – Property Measurement 2016
  • IPMS – Retail Buildings 2019
  • IMPS – Industrial Buildings 2018
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19
Q

Does the RICS require members/firms to use IPMS?

A

RICS Property Measurement Standard – 2nd Edition require adoption of IMPS.
RICS members expected to advise client or employer on the benefits of using IPMS.
However, it is understood that IPMS is not suitable in all circumstances and in these circumstances RICS members must document the reason for departure.

20
Q

What are the benefits of IPMS?

A
  • Facilitates international property trade
  • Consistent language for the property world
  • Increased transparency of property data
  • Effective portfolio benchmarking
  • Greater credibility for valuations
  • Increased floor areas for – sellers/developers (appears greater value for money).
21
Q

When would IPMS not be suitable?

A
  • Clients familiar with RICS Code of Measurement Definitions – GEA, GIA and NIA.
  • Confusion between IPMS and NRM – where used for cost estimates and cost planning.
  • Adoption of alternatives – NRM definitions (definitions self-explanatory)
22
Q

Does BTP adopt IPMS?

A

No BTP use NRM for cost estimating, cost planning and pricing documents – using proved rules of measurement included for external, internal and occupier areas.

23
Q

What are the different measurement metrics under NRM?

A
  • IPMS 1 – External
  • IPMS 2 – Internal
  • IPMS 3 – Occupier
24
Q

What is IPMS 1?

A

Former GEA, now also includes:
• Open sided external balconies.
• Generally accessible rooftop terraces.

25
Q

What is IPMS 2?

A

Former GIA, now also includes:
• Floor area measured to internal dominant face rather than internal wall to floor junction.
• Internal dominant face = inside surface more than 50% of floor to ceiling height.

26
Q

What is IPMS 3?

A

Former NIA, now also includes:
• Structural walls and columns
• Centre line of party walls (previously excluded).

27
Q

What are the different measurement tools you are aware of?

A
  • Scale Rule
  • Cost X
  • Cad Measure
  • Quick Scale
28
Q

What are the typically units of measurement within Order of Cost Estimates?

A 
Typically in accordance with the rules of measurement for ascertaining the gross internal floor area (GIFA) where m2 unit. 
•	0 Facilitating Works – m2 
•	1 Substructure – m2
•	2.1 Frame – m2
•	2.2 Upper Floors – m2
•	2.3 Roof – m2 
•	2.4 Stairs and Ramps – nr
•	2.5 External Walls – m2 
•	2.6 Windows and Doors – m2
•	2.7 Internal walls and partitions – m2
•	2.8 Internal doors – nr
•	3.0 Internal finishes – m2
•	4.0 Fittings, furnishings and equipment – m2
•	5.0 Services
	5.1 Sanitary installations – nr
	5.2 Services equipment – nr
	5.3 Disposal installations – nr
	5.4 Water installations – nr
	5.5 Heat source – kW
	5.6 Space heating and AC – m2
	5.7 Ventilation – m2
	5.8 Electrical installations – m2
	5.10 Lift installations – nr
	5.11 Fire and lightning protection – m2
	5.12 Communication, security and control systems – m2
	5.14 – m2
29
Q

What are the NRM rules of measurement for internal walls and partitions?

A

2.7 Internal walls and partitions – m2

C1 – Internal Walls
The area measured is the area of internal walls and partitions, measured on the centre line of the internal wall or partition. No deduction is made for door openings, screens or the like – m2
.
C.2 – Extra Over for forming openings in walls for internal doors – nr.
Includes – internal walls, partitions, non-structural columns and beams, masonry walls, timber and metal stud walls, glazed partitions, concrete walls etc.
Excludes - wall finishes and internal skin of external wall.

30
Q

What are NRM rules for measurement of facilitating works?

A

Contamination - The area measured is the site area.

Demolition works –measured is the gross internal floor area (GIFA) of the building(s) demolished

31
Q

What are NRM rules for measurement of substructure?

A

The area measured is the area of the lowest floor measured to the internal face of the external perimeter walls. Areas of basements to be shown separately.

32
Q

What are NRM rules for measurement of frame?

A

The area measured is the area of the floors related to the frame.

33
Q

What are NRM rules for measurement of Upper Floors?

A

The area measured is the total area of upper floor(s) with the rules of measurement for ascertaining the gross internal floor area (GIFA).
Areas for balconies, galleries, tiered terraces, service floors, walkways, internal bridges, external links, and roofs to internal buildings shall be shown separately

34
Q

What are NRM rules for measurement of roofs?

A

The area measured is the area of the roof on plan. The area measured is the area of the roof on plan measured to the inside face of the external walls.

35
Q

What are NRM rules of measurement for external walls?

A

The area measured is the area of the external wall, measured on the internal perimeter (i.e. the internal face) of the external wall, less the area of windows.

36
Q

What are NRM rules of measurement for windows and doors?

A

The area measured is the area of windows and external doors measured over frames

37
Q

What are NRM rules of measurement for internal finishes?

A

Internal finishes – the area measured to which the floor, wall or ceiling finish is applied to.

38
Q

What are the different internal fittings you could measure?

A
  • General fittings, furnishing and equipment – joinery, mirrors, curtain, blinds, carpets, loose furniture, fireplaces, safes etc.
  • Kitchen fittings – kitchen joinery, cooking equipment i.e. overs, hobs, grilles, fridges, white goods.
  • Special purpose fittings – designed specific to building function i.e. dental chairs
  • Signs/notices
  • Art
39
Q

What is a pricing document?

A

Tender document for contractors to price the works.

40
Q

What is the purpose of pricing documents?

A
  • Obtain price for contractors to complete works.
  • Allows side-by-side Tender Analysis
  • Valuation Document once works are on site.
  • Valuing change – contract rates can be used for contract changes.
41
Q

What are the different pricing documents?

A
  • Bill of Quantities
  • Schedule of Works
  • Contract Sum Analysis
  • Schedule of Rates
  • (Specification – only if have to).
42
Q

Can you explain the different pricing document?

A

Bill of Quantities = list of items giving detailed identifying descriptions and firm quantities of contract works.

Schedule of Works = list of the works required for a project.

Contract Sum Analysis = design and build pricing document – breaking down contract sum within contractor’s proposal following review of the Employer’s Requirements document.

Schedule of Rates = list of contractor rates for staff, labour and plant = used for pricing cost reimbursable instructed dayworks.

43
Q

What is a Bill of Quantities?

A

List of items giving detailed descriptions and firm quantities of contract works.

44
Q

When would you select a Bill of Quantities?

A
  • Traditional procurement.
  • Quality – design completed and detailed design.
  • Cost – cost certainty required.
  • Time – programme not key focus (design to be completed).
  • Risk – Employer accepts risk for quantities.
45
Q

What contracts would you use with a Bill of Quantities?

A
  • Standard Building Contract with Quantities (SBC/Q & AQ)
  • Intermediate Building Contract (IC)
46
Q

What are the advantages of Bills of Quantities?

A
  • Time – save contractors having to measure quantities.
  • Cost – cost certainty and detailed breakdowns for valuing change.
  • Quality – design completed and detailed design.
  • Tender Analysis – detailed like for like comparison.
47
Q

What are the disadvantages of Bills of Quantities?

A
  • Fees – time and cost for PQS to prepare (typically 2 months).
  • Programme – design must be fully complete before Bill of Quantities prepared.
  • Programme implications = later start on site date.
  • Quantities Risk – errors to be amended at client cost.

RICS APS QS - Core Competencies (6 decks)

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