6. Protein Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What bonds are involved in the primary structure of a protein?

A

Covalent peptide bonds between amino acids

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2
Q

What bonds are involved in holding together the secondary structure of a protein?

A

Hydrogen bonds (between backbone, not R groups)

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3
Q

What bonds are present in tertiary and quarternary protein structure?

A

Covalent - disuphide

Ionic, van der waals, hydrophobic, hydrogen

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4
Q

How do proteins fold?

A

Ordered process to partially folded intermediates before becoming fully folded

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5
Q

What disease is the result of protein misfolding?

A

Amyloidosis is the aggregation of abnormal protein structures

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6
Q

How do enzymes increase the rate of a reaction?

A

Lower the activation energy

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7
Q

What factors will affect reaction velocity?

A
  1. Substrate concentration
  2. Temperature
  3. PH - extremes can lead to protein denaturation or alter ionisation state of amino residues.
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8
Q

What does the michaelis-menten equation describe?

A

How velocity of a reaction varies with substrate concentration

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9
Q

Does Km vary with enzyme concentration?

A

No

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10
Q

What is V0?

A

Initial reaction velocity

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11
Q

What is Vmax measured in?

A

Units per time , it is a rate

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12
Q

What is 1 Vmax unit?

A

The amount of enzyme that converts 1umol of product per min under standard conditions.

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13
Q

What is the relationship between enzyme concentration and rate of a reaction?

A

The rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction is proportional to the concentration of the enzyme. Double enzyme will double the rate.

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14
Q

What is the activation energy?

A

The minimum energy a substrate must have to allow the reaction.

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15
Q

What are features of enzymes?

A
  • Highly specific
  • unchanged after reaction
  • do not alter equilibrium
  • increase rate of reaction (both fwd and backwards)
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16
Q

What type of bonds form between substrate and enzyme in the active sites?

A

Weak, non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds

17
Q

What shape does the michaelis-menten theory predict that a plot of velocity and [S] will be?

A

Rectangular hyperbola

18
Q

When drawing a Vmax line on a graph, what must it not touch?

A

The line of the graph!!

19
Q

What is Vmax?

A

The maximal RATE when all enzyme sites are saturated

20
Q

What value will not change with enzyme concentration?

A

Standardised rate will not change with enzyme concentration, rate of reaction will.

21
Q

What affect will a competitive inhibitor have on Vmax and Km?

A

Increase Km

No effect on Vmax

22
Q

What effect will a non-competitive inhibitor have on Vmax and Km?

A

Decrease Vmax

Km unchanged

23
Q

On a lineweaver burke plot, what is read from the X axis?

A

-1/Km

24
Q

On a line weaver burke plot, what is read from the Y axis?

A

1/Vmax