6 overworked

Question 1

what is job stress

Answer 1

a physical and psychological reaction to any demand made on someone in the workplace

Question 2

what are a few stress factors

Answer 2

Physical stressors - very loud noises, bright lights, task-related, carrying a lot of weight. Often workers are nor aware that these are stressors

Psychological stressors - ambiguity- what needs to be done, lack of control, interpersonal conflict in work,

Role stressors - role ambiguity (do not know what is expected of them)

Emotional labor - challenge-related (work demands), hindrance-related (demands that limit work achievement )

Family-related - challenges at home (small kids )

Deep acting - within the work, try to change your emotions
Could be easier for extroverts

Surface acting - faking emotions, showing them, but do not feel them inside
Unemployment

Question 3

strain

Answer 3

reactions and responses to stressors

Question 4

what are a few physical reactions to stress

Answer 4

fight or flight
tend and befriend
general adaption syndrome (GAS)

Question 5

explain Curvilinear relationship of stress-performance

Question 6

remedies for stress

Answer 6

autonomy
good relationship with supervisors
emotional support

Question 7

causes of burnout

Answer 7

overworking or anything that drains you mentally or physically within the workplace.
Oldenburg burnout inventory (OLBI): dimensions of exhaustion and disengagement
* Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM): physical fatigue and cognitive weariness

Ambiguity of the job
Job demands too high (but job resources can moderate it)
Most likely when - high jd, low jr

Question 8

consequences of burnout

Answer 8

Burnout was related to increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders,
alcohol dependance
* Physical activity can weaken these effects
* Burnout employees health indicators: depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, memory
impairment, neck pain
* Headaches, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal infections, musculoskeletal problems
* Most strongly related to exhaustion component of burnout
* Exhaustion predicted myocardial infarctions
* Gender
o Women – musculoskeletal disorders
o Men – cardiovascular diseases

Question 9

interventions of burnout

Answer 9

> Optimize jd - decrease them
->Increase jr - social support, ..
->Workshops to increase workers skills in dealing with stress
->Include workers in decision–making, having their voice heard, playful job design
->job crafting - changing the tasks of the job or their perceptions, so to identify with the job more
->Strength training - use strengths they have at work
->Recovery training - mindfulness

Question 10

JDC Model

Question 11

What is a moderation? Please explain this to each other and provide examples.

Question 12

what are 3 burnout components

Answer 12

emotional exhaustion
depersonalization
reduced personal accomplishment

Question 13

apparently stress is not always bad… elaborate on this claim

Answer 13

Eustress = good and healthy level of stress, motivation and accomplishing goals
Distress = comes from stressful situations that go on for a long time and create health issues and all that

Question 14

theres typically 2 categories where coping methods fall under

Answer 14

Problem-focused coping = managing or changing the problem thats causing u stress. e.g. identify problem, brainstorm ideas to solve it etc..

Emotion-focused coping = altering and reducing the emotional response to the problem. avoidance, distancing oneself from the problem

basically the “do you need a solution or just wanna vent”

Question 15

explain the 3 stages of general adaption syndrome

Answer 15

1. Alarm reaction: body mobilizes resources to cope with added stress
   a. Heart rate increases
   b. Stress hormones – adrenaline, noradrenaline, epinephrine and cortisol are
   released
2. Resistance stage – body copes with original source of stress, but resistance to other
   stressors is lowered
3. Exhaustion stage – resistance drops and adverse consequences including burnout,
   severe illness or death can result unless stress is reduced

Question 16

difference between stressor, strain and stress complaints?

Answer 16

stressor = something that causes tension acute/chronic. physical or psychological triggers

strain = a response to a stressor. can be immediate. can be chronic or persistant stress. this leads to burnout, anxiety, high blood pressure etc

stress complaints = Behavioural: substance abuse, lower performance, absence, counterproductive behaviours Psychologically: risk for depression, anxietyStrong correlation - negative health outcome and stress

Question 17

long-term effects of strain

Answer 17

heart disease, gastric problems, increased blood pressure

Question 18

difference between deep acting and surface acting

Answer 18

the difference is how much you genuinely believe the fake emotions to be your own.

surface = faking your emotions and expressions
deep = trying to change our own emotional state to match the demands of the job. it is said to be more authentic, effective and associated with more health

Question 19

is surface acting a successful strategy for introverts or extraverts?

Answer 19

for extraverts but not introverts

Question 20

psychological stressors: lack of control/ predictability

Answer 20

• individuals perception of control/ response to a situation
• perception is influenced by the characteristics of the job and work environment
• when you enhance the perception of control it reduces stress and strain (flexible time schedule, autonomy, participative decision making

Question 21

psychological stressor: interpersonal conflict

Answer 21

just like any other area of life, when you have beef with people you’re working with.
can lead to depression and job dissatisfaction, theft, sabotage or even workplace violence

Question 22

psychological stressor: role stressor

Answer 22

jobs usually have a bunch of roles (task requirements and responsibilities)
what causes stress sometimes is:
role ambiguity = lacking knowledge of what behavior is expected
role conflict = demands from different sources are incompatible
role overload = expected to do too many roles at the same time

Question 23

psychological stressor: work family conflict

Answer 23

conflict between roles at work and at home, so does this mean when u struggle to balance both family and work?

Question 24

psychological stressor: emotional labor

Answer 24

regulating your emotions to meet the demands of ur job
- surface acting
- deep acting
- challenge related stressor
- hinderance- related stressor

Question 25

challenge related stressors and hinderance related stressors

Answer 25

challenge = work demands that are stressful but offer you potential gain
- job satisfaction, no turnover

hinderance = same except that the stressful demands dont do you any good other than limit your performance
- job dissatisfaction, turnover

Question 26

Job demand resource theory