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Oral Microbiology - Exam 1 > 6. Oral Viral Infections, Herpes Viruses > Flashcards

6. Oral Viral Infections, Herpes Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Herpes simplex Virus-1
    - Latent where
    - Important diseases
A

Latent in Neuron (sensory ganglia)

Disease: Herpes labialis, gingivostomatitis, eye, eczema, Whitlow (infection at fingers or thumbs)

> 75%

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2
Q
  1. Herpes simplex Virus-2
    - Latent where
    - Important diseases
A

Latent in Neuron

Disease: Genital herpes

> 25%

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3
Q
  1. Varicella-Zoster Virus (HHV-3)
    - Latent where
    - Important diseases
A

Latent in Neuron

Disease: Chickenpox, Shingles

100%

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4
Q
  1. Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4)
    - Latent where
    - Important diseases
A

Latent in B cells

Disease: Infectious Mono and Burkitt’s lymphoma

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5
Q
  1. Cytomegalovirus (HHV 5)
    - Latent where
    - Important diseases
A

Latent in lymph nodes / monocytes

Disease: Congenital infection (mental retardation)

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6
Q
  1. HHV-6
    - Latent where
    - Important diseases
A

Latent in Monocytes / Macrophages

Disease: Roseola infantum

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7
Q
  1. HHV-7
    - Latent where
    - Important diseases
A

Latent in T cells

Disease: Roseola infantum

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8
Q
  1. Kaposi’s Sarcoma Virus (HHV-8)
    - Latent where
    - Important diseases
A

Latent in lymphocytes

Disease: Kaposi’s sarcoma (immunosuppressed)

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9
Q
  1. Which herpes simplex virus is the most common cause of viral encephalitis in the US?
A

HSV-1

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10
Q
  1. Which herpes simplex virus is the leading infectious cause of blindness in the US?
A

HSV-1 (2° lesion via the eye)

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11
Q
  1. Which herpes simplex virus increases the risk of acquiring HIV during sexual intercourse by 2 to 4 fold?
A

HSV-2 (genital herpes)

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12
Q
  1. Compare and contrast how HSV-1 and HSV-2 are infected
    - What kind of contact for HSV-1?
    - What kind of contact for HSV-2?
    - Both initially affect what kind of epithelium and then latently affect what structure?
A

Both at any age - mucosal to mucosal

HSV-1: oral to oral as a child
HSV-2 : sexual contact or to baby at child birth

Initial: Mucoepithelium
Latent: Sensory ganglia

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13
Q
  1. Which HHV is spread via respiratory droplets and does not require intimate mucosal-mucosal contact?

What is the pathway of host infection for this virus?

A

Varicella-Zoster (HHV-3)

Lung mucosal -> Lymph nodes -> Blood stream -> Skin epithelia -> (Latency) dorsal root sensory ganglia

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14
Q
  1. If an individual had chicken pox when they were younger, what are some of the reasons for why they would be at risk for getting shingles?
A

Immunosuppressed

- Leukemia, auto-immune, transplant, HIV, pregnant women, older patients

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15
Q
  1. Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4)
    - What two major diseases does EBV cause?
    - How does EBV typically spread?
A

Infectious mononucleosis (most common) and Burkitt’s lymphoma

Spread via saliva (especially during the late teen/early twenties)

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16
Q
  1. EBV infections in immunosuppressed patients in the US and the rest of the world are often associated with what three diseases?
A
  1. Hairy leukoplakia
  2. Nasopharyngeal cancers
  3. Burkitt’s Lymphoma
17
Q 
50. What cancers are these viruses linked with in people with chronic infections?
 A. Kaposi's sarcoma virus
 B. Hep B and Hep C
 C. HTLV-1
 D. Human papillomaviruses (HPV)
A

A. Kaposi’s sarcoma
B. Liver cancer
C. T-cell leukemia
D. Cervical and oral cancer

18
Q
  1. What symptoms characterize infectious mononucleosis?
A
  1. Fever and chills
  2. Sore throat, fatigue
  3. Cervical lymphadenopathy
  4. Increase in mononuclear cells (lymphocytes - T and B cells)
19
Q
  1. What are the two instances that are the most dangerous time to be infected with cytomegalovirus?

Does this typically occur in developed or undeveloped countries?

A
  1. If a mother becomes infected with CMV for the first time when she is pregnant. Because she lacks neutralizing Ab, the virus can be transmitted to the fetus - resulting in permanent disabilities
  2. Immunosupressed individuals

Almost exclusively in “developed”, since in undeveloped countries 100% will be infected as children

20
Q
  1. Coxsackie virus group
    - Enveloped or non-enveloped?
    - Infect what age group?
    - Mild or serious diseases?
A

Non-enveloped (hardy viruses)

Infect young children

Mild diseases

21
Q
  1. Coxsackie group

- What are the two examples of this virus group?

A
  1. Herpangina (flu-like symptoms and herpes-like oropharyngitis of the throat)
  2. Hand, foot, and mouth disease
22
Q
  1. What diseases is probably the most communicable human disease known?

This disease is caused by paramyxovirus. Is this virus enveloped or non-enveloped?

A

Measles (or Rubeola)

Paramyxovirus is enveloped (ssRNA)

23
Q
  1. How is measles transmitted?
A

Transmitted by respiratory droplets

Replicates in respiratory tract -> lymphatic -> Spreads throughout the body

24
Q
  1. What causes the characteristic measles rash?

- In addition to the rash, what temporary, generalized condition occurs?

A

Measles rash caused by Tc cells targeting measles-infected endothelial cells of the capillaries

Measles infection also causes a temporary, generalized immune suppression (which can cause excess mortality in developing countries - even though a vaccine is available)

25
Q
  1. Mumps is caused by paramyxovirus (ssRNA). Enveloped or non-enveloped?

What is one significant difference between measles and mumps?

A

Enveloped

One difference: Significant number of infected individuals who do not show symptoms (iceberg effect)

26
Q
  1. What is the characteristic symptom of mumps?
A

Paraotitis - painful swelling of the salivary glands (esp. the paratids)

Viruses infect the salivary ducts and subsequent inflammation blocks the drainage of salivary fluids

27
Q
  1. Human Papilloma virus (HPV)
    - Enveloped or non-enveloped?
    - Common cause of what?
    - What kind of epithelia do they infect?
A

Non-enveloped (hardy)

Common cause of hyperplastic epithelial lesions (warts)

Infect surface epithelia of skin and mucosa

28
Q
  1. Human Papilloma virus (HPV)

- What diseases?

A

Cervical, anal, penile cancer

May also be cause of oral and throat cancer

Oral Microbiology - Exam 1 (5 decks)

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