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Oral Microbiology - Exam 1 > 4. Normal Oral Flora > Flashcards

4. Normal Oral Flora Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. How an organism deals with oxygen is an important determinant of where it colonizes. What type of bacteria primarily make up the following areas of plaque biofilm? (Choose from facultative, microaerophilic, and/or anaerobic)

A. Supragingival
B. Subgingival
C. Deep perio-pockets

A

A. Supragingival: Facultative and microaerophilic

B. Subgingival plaque biofilm: Facultative and anaerobic bacteria

C. Deep perio-pockets: Strict anaerobes

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2
Q
  1. What type of bacteria primarily cause the following conditions (choose from gram positive or negative)?
    A. Caries
    B. Periodontal disease and endodontic infections
    C. Gingivitis
A

A. Caries - Gram(+) POSITIVE - supragingival

B. Perio disease and endo infections - Gram(-) NEGATIVE - subgingival

C. Gingivitis - BOTH gram negative and gram positive

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3
Q
  1. Common Oral Gram(+) Cocci - Streptococcus
    A. Why the nickname “Viridans”?
    B. Facultative, strictly anaerobic, or strictly aerobic?
    C. Can survive at low pH?
    D. Saccharolytic?
    E. Produce high or low amounts of ECM
A 
A. Produce a green coloring on blood agar (α-hemolytic)
B. Facultative
C. Many tolerate low pH well
D. Yes, Saccharolytic
E. Produce considerable ECM
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4
Q
  1. Gram(+) Cocci - S. angiosis

- Found in plaque, mucosa, and respiratory tract - a common cause of _______ disease

A

Purulent disease (pus-forming)

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5
Q
  1. Gram (+) Cocci - S. mutans
  • Mainly found in what?
  • Produces what kind of saccharide?
  • Can survive at low pH?
  • What does it produce that makes this bug a major cause of caries?
A

Mainly found in plaque

Produces insoluble polysaccharides

Grows well at low pH

Produces large amounts of lactic acid

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6
Q
  1. Gram(+) Cocci - S. mutans

Why is this bug not found in the edentulous young and old?

A

S. mutans requires a solid surface (like enamel) for optimal colonization

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7
Q
  1. What Streptococcus group is a pioneer species on teeth? Found where?

What kind of polysaccharides does this group make?

A

S. mitis - Found on plaque and pharyngeal mucosa

Makes insoluble and soluble polysaccharides

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8
Q
  1. What Streptococcus group is the most commonly isolated bacteria from subacute bacterial endocarditis?
A

S. mitis

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9
Q
  1. Gram(+) Cocci - S. salivarius
  2. Colonizes much of what surface?
  3. Especially what structure?

(FYI - major source of bacteria in saliva, considered a “good guy”)

A

Colonizes much of the mucosal surface, especially the tongue

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10
Q
  1. Gram(+) Cocci

What bug is able to survive harsh environments and is a significant nosocomial (hospital) problem?

A

Enterococcus (formerly “enteric” streptococci)

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11
Q
  1. Gram(+) Cocci

Enterococcus faecalis is commonly implicated in ___________ failures and persistent _________.

A
  1. Endodontic root canal failures

2. Persistent infections

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12
Q

29.Gram(+) Rods/Branching - Actinomyces

  • In addition to the mouth, where else are actinomyces found?
  • Association with:
    1. Plaque?
    2. Gingivtis?
    3. Caries?
A

Found only in the mouth - autochthonous

  1. Forms a major portion of plaque flora
  2. Increases with gingivitis
  3. Associated with root caries
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13
Q

29.Gram(+) Rods/Branching - Actinomyces

  • Does it utilize sugar?
  • Can it tolerate low pH?
  • Produces what?
A
  1. Yes, saccholytic
  2. Yes, tolerates low pH
  3. Produces ECM
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14
Q
  1. Gram(+) Rods/Branching - Lactobacillus

- Associated with what kind of diet?

A

Associated with high-sugar, “cariogenic” diet - dentin caries and caries lesions

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15
Q
  1. Gram(+) Rods/Branching - Lactobacillus
    - Produces what?
    - Does it utilize sugar?
    - Can it tolerate low pH?
A
  1. Produces ECM
  2. Yes, saccholytic
  3. Yes, tolerates low pH
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16
Q
  1. Gram(-) Cocci - Neisseria and Veillonella

These groups are significant in that they can metabolize what?

A

Can both metabolize lactate/lactic acid

Like anti-caries

17
Q
  1. Gram(-) Rods
    - These oral species are implicated in what conditions?
    - Saccharolytic or asaccharolytic?
    - Anaerobes or aerobes?
A

Implicated in PERIODONTITIS, gingivitis, endo infection

  • Many are asaccharolytic
  • Many Anaerobic
18
Q
  1. Gram(-) Rods

- What bug is known for being common at periodontal disease sites and aggressive periodontitis in juveniles?

A

“A. A.” - Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

19
Q
  1. Gram(-) Rods - Fusobacterium nucleatum
    - Saccharolytic or asaccharolytic?
    - Produces __________ (very long thin rod that many other bacteria attach to)
    - Mainly found where and associated with what disease?
A

Asscharolytic (like most oral gram(-))

Produces butryic acid

Mainly found in perio-pockets and associated with periodontitis (like most oral gram(-))

20
Q
  1. Gram(-) Rods - Black-Pigmenting-Bacteroides

What bug is found in the GI tract and GI infections in addition to being associated with periodontitis and being asaccharolytic?

A

Bacteroides

21
Q
  1. Gram(-) Rods - Black-Pigmenting-Bacteroides

Tannerella forsythensis

  • Associated with ______ periodontal infections
  • Forms the “__________” with P. gingivalis and T. denticola
A

Aggressive periodontal infections

Forms the “Red Complex”

22
Q
  1. Gram(-) Rods - Black-Pigmenting-Bacteroides

What bug of the porphyromonas group is asaccharolytic, subgingival, associated with periodontitis, and is not typical of a healthy mouth?

A

P. gingivalis

23
Q
  1. Gram(-) Rods - Black-Pigmenting-Bacteroides

Prevotella (ex: P. intermedia)
- What two special properties differentiate this bug from all of the other gram(-) bugs discussed?

A

Saccharolytic - can ferment carbs and produce acid

Can also use protein substrates, can be found in abcesses

24
Q
  1. Gram(-) Rods - Black-Pigmenting-Bacteroides

Very anaerobic, associated with periodontitis, asaccharolytic
- What is one example of this bug?

A

T. denticola (a part of the “Red Complex” along with T. forsythensis and P. gingivalis)

Oral Microbiology - Exam 1 (5 decks)

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