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pcm 2 final exam > (6) Nutrition and diets > Flashcards

(6) Nutrition and diets Flashcards

1
Q

What do you think is the recommendation for an adult for vegetables/day? Fruits?

a) 3 vegetables, 2 fruits
b) 4 vegatables, 2 fruits
c) 2 vegetables, 1 fruit
d) 6-9 fruits and vegetables

A

a) 3 vegetables, 2 fruits
b) 4 vegatables, 2 fruits
c) 2 vegetables, 1 fruit

d) 6-9 fruits and vegetables

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2
Q

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

What is the most likely nutrient that may make this saying true?

a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C

C. Iron

D. Vitamin B12

E. Vitamin D

A

a. Vitamin A

b. Vitamin C

C. Iron

D. Vitamin B12

E. Vitamin D

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3
Q

Lack of what vitamin leads to scurvy?

A

Vitamin C

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4
Q

What is vitamin C necessary for?

A

Biosynthesis of:

Bile acids

Collagen

Norepinephrine

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of scurvy?

A

Fatigue

Depression

Widespread abnormalities of connective tissue

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6
Q

What would you find on PE for a pt. with scurvy?

A

Inflamed gingia

Petechia

Hemorrhage

Impaired wound healing

Hyperkeratosis

Bleeding into body cavities

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7
Q

Nutritionally, how much protein do we need in our diets daily?

A

5.5 oz-eq/day

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8
Q

What is the general “rule” about the color of vegetables?

A

The darker/richer the color = the more nutritious IN GENERAL

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9
Q

Describe what “bad” fats are:

What are some sources of bad fats?

A

Saturated and trans fats = bad

Animal fats (meat, butter, whole milk)

Solid fats (margarine)

Coconut and palm kernal oils

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10
Q

Describe what “good” fats are:

What are some sources of good fats?

A

Poly and Monounsaturated= Good fats

Seafood-Omega 3

Sunflower, corn, olive, soybean and cottonseed oil

Walnuts, pine nuts

Sesame, sunflower, pumpkin and flax seeds

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11
Q

Generally describe the mediterranean diet

A

Primarily fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, beans and olive oil

MINIMAL INTAKE of red meat, refined sugar, flour, butter and fats (except for olive oil)

Includes: 1-2 glasses of red wine/d

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12
Q

What is a pescatarian diet?

A

Vegetarian that INCLUDES fish and seafood

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13
Q

Describe the following vegetarian diets:

Vegetarian:

Lacto-ovo-vegetarian:

Lacto-vegetarian:

Ovo-vegetarian:

Vegan:

Raw vegan:

A

Vegetarian: May or may not include egg or dairy products

Lacto-ovo-vegetarian: Includes eggs and dairy products

Lacto-vegetarian: Includes dairy products, but not egg products

Ovo-vegetarian: Includes eggs and egg products, NO DAIRY

Vegan: Excludes eggs and dairy products, may exclude honey

Raw vegan: Uncooked vegetables/fruits

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14
Q

A 23 yo female with questions about becoming pregnat. She is vegan and does not want to take any vitamins or supplements. She is concerned she may not be getting enough calcium in her diet. Which of the following is a good plant based source of calcium?

a. Dark leafy vegetables
b. Tofu
c. Broccoli and cauliflower
d. Beans and lentils
e. All of the above

A

A 23 yo female with questions about becoming pregnat. She is vegan and does not want to take any vitamins or supplements. She is concerned she may not be getting enough calcium in her diet. Which of the following is a good plant based source of calcium?

a. Dark leafy vegetables
b. Tofu
c. Broccoli and cauliflower
d. Beans and lentils

e. All of the above

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15
Q

A 23 yo female with questions about becoming pregnat. She is vegan and does not want to take any vitamins or supplements. She is concerned she may not be getting enough vitamin D. Which of the following might you counsel her to include in her diet?

a. Mushrooms
b. Egg yolks
c. Egg whites
d. Canned salmon
e. Sunshine

A

A 23 yo female with questions about becoming pregnat. She is vegan and does not want to take any vitamins or supplements. She is concerned she may not be getting enough vitamin D. Which of the following might you counsel her to include in her diet?

a. Mushrooms

b. Egg yolks
c. Egg whites
d. Canned salmon
e. Sunshine

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16
Q

Vegetarian and vegan diets are at risk for what kind of deficiency?

a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. B12
d. B3
e. B9

A

Vegetarian and vegan diets are at risk for what kind of deficiency?

a. Calcium
b. Iron

c. B12

d. B3
e. B9

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17
Q

There are NO plant sources of…

A

B12

18
Q

Current recommendation for daily salt intake?

A

Less than 2300mg/d

19
Q

What is the diet recommendation to lower salt intake?

A

DASH diet

  • Low fat foods
  • Limit foods that are high in saturated fats
  • Avoid sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets
20
Q

***Probably a test question***

Be comfortable reading a nutrition label

A

Be aware of:

Serving size

% daily value (based on 2,000 calorie diet)

Ingredients listed in descending order of predominance

Mandatory labeling of major allergens

21
Q

What does “light in sodium or lightly salted” really mean?

A

Means at least 50% less sodium than the regular product

22
Q

What does “no-salt-added” or “unsalted” really mean?

A

Means that no salt is added during processing

It DOES NOT MEAN there is no sodium in the product

23
Q

Distinguish b/w

Salt/Sodium free:

Very low sodium:

Low sodium:

Reduced sodium:

A

Salt/Sodium free: less than 5mg of sodium per serving

Very low sodium: less than 35mg of sodium per serving

Low sodium: less than 140mg of sodium per serving

Reduced sodium: At least 25% less sodium than the original product

24
Q

What makes the iron in broccoli more available for absorption?

a. Everyone likes broccoli
b. It meets the recommended content to be a good source of iron
c. Ascorbic acid makes iron easier to absorb
d. High fiber foods have a more absorbable form of iron
e. The cheese sauce enhances the iron absorption

A

What makes the iron in broccoli more available for absorption?

a. Everyone likes broccoli
b. It meets the recommended content to be a good source of iron

c. Ascorbic acid makes iron easier to absorb

d. High fiber foods have a more absorbable form of iron
e. The cheese sauce enhances the iron absorption

25
Q

How does

-Vitamin C

-Calcium

influence absorption of iron?

A

Vitamin C = AIDS in the absorption of non-heme iron

Calcium= can INHIBIT the absorption

26
Q

A 65 yo M presents for evaluation of his vision. He reports that he is having trouble seeing at night. He had his vision evaluated 3 months ago and was told he did not need his glasses adjusted. What nutritional deficiency might you consider for this patient?

a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin A
c. Vitamin E
d. Calcium

A

A 65 yo M presents for evaluation of his vision. He reports that he is having trouble seeing at night. He had his vision evaluated 3 months ago and was told he did not need his glasses adjusted. What nutritional deficiency might you consider for this patient?

a. Vitamin C

b. Vitamin A

c. Vitamin E
d. Calcium

27
Q

A 65 yo M presents for evaluation of his vision. He reports that he is having trouble seeing at night. He had his vision evaluated 3 months ago and was told he did not need his glasses adjusted. Based on a vitamin deficiency, what foods should this patient include in his diet?

a. Fruits and vegetables
b. Dark green and yellow vegetables and tomatoes
c. wheat germ, avocado, almonds
d. Dairy products, dark leafy vegetables, broccoli

A

A 65 yo M presents for evaluation of his vision. He reports that he is having trouble seeing at night. He had his vision evaluated 3 months ago and was told he did not need his glasses adjusted. Based on a vitamin deficiency, what foods should this patient include in his diet?

a. Fruits and vegetables

b. Dark green and yellow vegetables and tomatoes

c. wheat germ, avocado, almonds
d. Dairy products, dark leafy vegetables, broccoli

28
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK

29
Q

Source of

Vitamin A?

A

Dark green and yellow vegetables and tomatoes

30
Q

Source of

Vitamin D?

A

Mushrooms

31
Q

Source of

Vitamin E?

A

Wheat germ, avocado

32
Q

Source of

B1?

aka?

A

Legumes

Thiamine

33
Q

Source of

B2?

aka?

A

Wheat germ, leafy vegetables

Riboflavin

34
Q

Source of

B3?

aka?

A

Legumes, wheat

Niacin

35
Q

Source of

B12?

aka?

A

Eggs, dairy products, liver, meats

NONE IN PLANTS WHOA

Cobalamin

36
Q

Source of

Iron?

A

Dark leafy vegetables

Broccoli, cauliflower

Lentils, tofu

37
Q

Vitamin:

A

Other names?

Metabolic role?

A

Retinol, retinoic acid

Vision, embryonic development

38
Q

Vitamin:

D

Other names?

Metabolic role?

A

Cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol

Bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis

39
Q

Vitamin:

E

Other names?

Metabolic role?

A

Tocopherols

Antioxidant

40
Q

Vitamin:

K

Other names?

Metabolic role?

A

2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinone

Blood clotting

41
Q

What is an obese BMI?

A

BMI is greater than 30

42
Q
A

pcm 2 final exam (7 decks)

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