(6) Nutrition and diets Flashcards
What do you think is the recommendation for an adult for vegetables/day? Fruits?
a) 3 vegetables, 2 fruits
b) 4 vegatables, 2 fruits
c) 2 vegetables, 1 fruit
d) 6-9 fruits and vegetables
a) 3 vegetables, 2 fruits
b) 4 vegatables, 2 fruits
c) 2 vegetables, 1 fruit
d) 6-9 fruits and vegetables
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
What is the most likely nutrient that may make this saying true?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
C. Iron
D. Vitamin B12
E. Vitamin D
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
C. Iron
D. Vitamin B12
E. Vitamin D
Lack of what vitamin leads to scurvy?
Vitamin C
What is vitamin C necessary for?
Biosynthesis of:
Bile acids
Collagen
Norepinephrine
What are the symptoms of scurvy?
Fatigue
Depression
Widespread abnormalities of connective tissue
What would you find on PE for a pt. with scurvy?
Inflamed gingia
Petechia
Hemorrhage
Impaired wound healing
Hyperkeratosis
Bleeding into body cavities
Nutritionally, how much protein do we need in our diets daily?
5.5 oz-eq/day
What is the general “rule” about the color of vegetables?
The darker/richer the color = the more nutritious IN GENERAL
Describe what “bad” fats are:
What are some sources of bad fats?
Saturated and trans fats = bad
Animal fats (meat, butter, whole milk)
Solid fats (margarine)
Coconut and palm kernal oils
Describe what “good” fats are:
What are some sources of good fats?
Poly and Monounsaturated= Good fats
Seafood-Omega 3
Sunflower, corn, olive, soybean and cottonseed oil
Walnuts, pine nuts
Sesame, sunflower, pumpkin and flax seeds
Generally describe the mediterranean diet
Primarily fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, beans and olive oil
MINIMAL INTAKE of red meat, refined sugar, flour, butter and fats (except for olive oil)
Includes: 1-2 glasses of red wine/d
What is a pescatarian diet?
Vegetarian that INCLUDES fish and seafood
Describe the following vegetarian diets:
Vegetarian:
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian:
Lacto-vegetarian:
Ovo-vegetarian:
Vegan:
Raw vegan:
Vegetarian: May or may not include egg or dairy products
Lacto-ovo-vegetarian: Includes eggs and dairy products
Lacto-vegetarian: Includes dairy products, but not egg products
Ovo-vegetarian: Includes eggs and egg products, NO DAIRY
Vegan: Excludes eggs and dairy products, may exclude honey
Raw vegan: Uncooked vegetables/fruits
A 23 yo female with questions about becoming pregnat. She is vegan and does not want to take any vitamins or supplements. She is concerned she may not be getting enough calcium in her diet. Which of the following is a good plant based source of calcium?
a. Dark leafy vegetables
b. Tofu
c. Broccoli and cauliflower
d. Beans and lentils
e. All of the above
A 23 yo female with questions about becoming pregnat. She is vegan and does not want to take any vitamins or supplements. She is concerned she may not be getting enough calcium in her diet. Which of the following is a good plant based source of calcium?
a. Dark leafy vegetables
b. Tofu
c. Broccoli and cauliflower
d. Beans and lentils
e. All of the above
A 23 yo female with questions about becoming pregnat. She is vegan and does not want to take any vitamins or supplements. She is concerned she may not be getting enough vitamin D. Which of the following might you counsel her to include in her diet?
a. Mushrooms
b. Egg yolks
c. Egg whites
d. Canned salmon
e. Sunshine
A 23 yo female with questions about becoming pregnat. She is vegan and does not want to take any vitamins or supplements. She is concerned she may not be getting enough vitamin D. Which of the following might you counsel her to include in her diet?
a. Mushrooms
b. Egg yolks
c. Egg whites
d. Canned salmon
e. Sunshine
Vegetarian and vegan diets are at risk for what kind of deficiency?
a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. B12
d. B3
e. B9
Vegetarian and vegan diets are at risk for what kind of deficiency?
a. Calcium
b. Iron
c. B12
d. B3
e. B9
There are NO plant sources of…
B12
Current recommendation for daily salt intake?
Less than 2300mg/d
What is the diet recommendation to lower salt intake?
DASH diet
- Low fat foods
- Limit foods that are high in saturated fats
- Avoid sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets
***Probably a test question***
Be comfortable reading a nutrition label
Be aware of:
Serving size
% daily value (based on 2,000 calorie diet)
Ingredients listed in descending order of predominance
Mandatory labeling of major allergens
What does “light in sodium or lightly salted” really mean?
Means at least 50% less sodium than the regular product
What does “no-salt-added” or “unsalted” really mean?
Means that no salt is added during processing
It DOES NOT MEAN there is no sodium in the product
Distinguish b/w
Salt/Sodium free:
Very low sodium:
Low sodium:
Reduced sodium:
Salt/Sodium free: less than 5mg of sodium per serving
Very low sodium: less than 35mg of sodium per serving
Low sodium: less than 140mg of sodium per serving
Reduced sodium: At least 25% less sodium than the original product
What makes the iron in broccoli more available for absorption?
a. Everyone likes broccoli
b. It meets the recommended content to be a good source of iron
c. Ascorbic acid makes iron easier to absorb
d. High fiber foods have a more absorbable form of iron
e. The cheese sauce enhances the iron absorption
What makes the iron in broccoli more available for absorption?
a. Everyone likes broccoli
b. It meets the recommended content to be a good source of iron
c. Ascorbic acid makes iron easier to absorb
d. High fiber foods have a more absorbable form of iron
e. The cheese sauce enhances the iron absorption
How does
-Vitamin C
-Calcium
influence absorption of iron?
Vitamin C = AIDS in the absorption of non-heme iron
Calcium= can INHIBIT the absorption
A 65 yo M presents for evaluation of his vision. He reports that he is having trouble seeing at night. He had his vision evaluated 3 months ago and was told he did not need his glasses adjusted. What nutritional deficiency might you consider for this patient?
a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin A
c. Vitamin E
d. Calcium
A 65 yo M presents for evaluation of his vision. He reports that he is having trouble seeing at night. He had his vision evaluated 3 months ago and was told he did not need his glasses adjusted. What nutritional deficiency might you consider for this patient?
a. Vitamin C
b. Vitamin A
c. Vitamin E
d. Calcium
A 65 yo M presents for evaluation of his vision. He reports that he is having trouble seeing at night. He had his vision evaluated 3 months ago and was told he did not need his glasses adjusted. Based on a vitamin deficiency, what foods should this patient include in his diet?
a. Fruits and vegetables
b. Dark green and yellow vegetables and tomatoes
c. wheat germ, avocado, almonds
d. Dairy products, dark leafy vegetables, broccoli
A 65 yo M presents for evaluation of his vision. He reports that he is having trouble seeing at night. He had his vision evaluated 3 months ago and was told he did not need his glasses adjusted. Based on a vitamin deficiency, what foods should this patient include in his diet?
a. Fruits and vegetables
b. Dark green and yellow vegetables and tomatoes
c. wheat germ, avocado, almonds
d. Dairy products, dark leafy vegetables, broccoli
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
ADEK
Source of
Vitamin A?
Dark green and yellow vegetables and tomatoes
Source of
Vitamin D?
Mushrooms
Source of
Vitamin E?
Wheat germ, avocado
Source of
B1?
aka?
Legumes
Thiamine
Source of
B2?
aka?
Wheat germ, leafy vegetables
Riboflavin
Source of
B3?
aka?
Legumes, wheat
Niacin
Source of
B12?
aka?
Eggs, dairy products, liver, meats
NONE IN PLANTS WHOA
Cobalamin
Source of
Iron?
Dark leafy vegetables
Broccoli, cauliflower
Lentils, tofu
Vitamin:
A
Other names?
Metabolic role?
Retinol, retinoic acid
Vision, embryonic development
Vitamin:
D
Other names?
Metabolic role?
Cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol
Bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis
Vitamin:
E
Other names?
Metabolic role?
Tocopherols
Antioxidant
Vitamin:
K
Other names?
Metabolic role?
2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinone
Blood clotting
What is an obese BMI?
BMI is greater than 30
