(5) Pediatrics-Immunizations, Common Illnesses

Question 1

Two main benefits of vaccination

Answer 1

Individual immunity

Herd immunity

Question 2

When are most vaccines administered?

Answer 2

B/w 0 and 18 months

Question 3

When is the rotavirus vaccine contraindicated?

Answer 3

Immune compromised pts

Question 4

When is the influenza virus contraindicated?

Answer 4

Pregnancy

Immune compromised

HIV infection

Asthma w/ wheezing

CSF leak/cochlear implants

Asplenia

Very young, very old pts

Question 5

When are the MMR and varicella vaccines contraindicated?

Answer 5

Pregnancy

Immune compromised

HIV infection <15% CD4 count

Question 6

What are the main vaccine types?

Answer 6

1. Vaccines containing sub-unit Ag or inactive toxins
2. Conjugated vaccines
3. Live attenuated vaccines
4. Inactive organism killed via thermal/chemical means w/ retained immunogenicity

AKA

1. Toxoid vaccines
2. Conjugated vaccines
3. Live-attenuated vaccines
4. Inactivated vaccines

Question 7

What are conjugated vaccines?

Answer 7

Bacterial polysaccharides conjugated to carrier ptns to strengthen immune response in children => Trigger T-cell dependent immunity to polysaccharides

Question 8

When are live attenuated vaccines contraindicated?

Answer 8

Immune compromised pt

If pt has received blood products in recent past (up to 11 months)

Question 9

What vaccines are administered as conjugate vaccines?

Answer 9

Meningococcal

Pneumococcal

Haemophilus Influenzae B

Question 10

What vaccines are administered as nonconjugate, inactivated vaccines?

Answer 10

Hepatitis A

Pertussis

Polio - injectable

Human papillomavirus

Question 11

What vaccines are adminstered as live, attenuated vaccines?

Answer 11

MMR

Varicella

Rotavirus

Influenza (nasal spray)

Zoster (shingles)

Polio - oral

Question 12

Diphtheria and tetanus are administered as what kind of vaccine?

Answer 12

Toxoid

Question 13

How frequently is the influenza virus administered?

Answer 13

Yearly

6mo - 9 yrs: 2 doses separated by at least 28 days

>9 yrs: 1 dose

Question 14

When is quadrivalent conjugate meningococcal vaccine recommended to begin?

Answer 14

1st dose: 11-12 yrs old

2nd dose: 16-18 yrs old

Question 15

What meningococcal strains do the quadrivalent conjugate vaccines protect against?

Answer 15

Meningococcal strains A/C/Y

W-135

Question 16

When is the non-conjugate vaccine targeting meningococcal serogroup B recommended?

Answer 16

16 yrs old (definitely before starting college)

Question 17

Pneumococcal vaccine is important in protecting against what?

Answer 17

Strep pneumoniae => respiratory tract disease (PNA, otitis media, sinusitis), bacteremia, meningitis

Question 18

When is the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine administered?

Answer 18

2, 4, 6, 12-15 months of age (healthy kids)

Question 19

What populations would receive the non-conjugate pneumococcal vaccine?

Answer 19

High risk pts: chronic lung, cardiac, renal, hepatic disease, diabetes, immune compromised

>24 months old

Question 20

When is Haemophilus Influenza-B administered?

Answer 20

2, 4, 6, 12-15 months

Question 21

What is the Hib capsular antigen conjugated to?

Answer 21

Tetanus or Neisseria meningitidis-derived carrier ptn

Question 22

What disease is a common cause of acute and chronic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death?

Answer 22

Hepatitis B

Question 23

When is the Hepatitis B vaccine administered?

Answer 23

Birth (infection in newborns results in chronic carrier state and risk of later development)

1-2 months

6 months

Question 24

When is the Hepatitis A vaccine administered?

Answer 24

12 months

18-30 months

Question 25

What disease is also known as acute membranous pharyngitis? What can this place pts at risk for?

Answer 25

Diphtheria

Risk for respiratory obstruction

Question 26

What disease is known as the 100 day cough?

Answer 26

Pertussis (whooping cough)

Question 27

When are pertussis boosters recommended?

Answer 27

7 years old

Adulthood

Question 28

When is the DTaP vaccine administered?

Answer 28

2, 4, 6 months

15-18 months

4-6 years

Tdap at 7 yrs old, Td every 10 years

Question 29

What is the risk of administering live attenuated polio virus?

Answer 29

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis with live attenuated vaccine

Small risk of transmission of vaccine virus to unimmunized or immunocompromised household contacts w/ live virus

Question 30

When is the inactivated polio virus administered in the US?

Answer 30

2, 4, 6-18 months, 4-6 yrs

Question 31

What are the 2 strains of HPV that the vaccines protect against? When are the vaccines recommended?

Answer 31

Type 16 and 18

Recommended at 11-12 yrs old

Question 32

When is the MMR vaccines administered?

Answer 32

12 months and 4-6 yrs old

Question 33

What does the rotavirus vaccine prevent?

Answer 33

Acute diarrheal disease in healthy infants

Question 34

When is the rotavirus vaccine administered

Answer 34

2-3 dose schedule

2, 4, 6 months of age

(1st dose should not be administered after 14 weeks and 6 days of age)

Question 35

What is the risk of administering the rotavirus vaccine?

Answer 35

Intussusception (inflammation in gut mucosa => intestine telescopes on itself)

Question 36

Can people with egg allergy be vaccinated?

Answer 36

Yes (do it in the doctor’s office with epinephrine)

Question 37

What are the 4 MYTHS of vaccines?

Answer 37

• MMR causes autism
• People w/ egg allergy cannot get the flu vaccine
• The vaccines cause the disease
• Not getting immunizations decrease the overall lifetime risk for the child

Question 38

***Likely a test question***

What vaccines are given to older children?

Answer 38

HPV

Meningococcal

Question 39

Haemophilus Influenzae (Hib) is one of the leading causes of?

Answer 39

Bactermeia

Meningitis

Cellulitis

Epiglottitis

Question 40

What does DTaP vaccine protect against?

Answer 40

Diptheria

Tetanus

Pertussis